科学分析はじめてガイド: サンプリングから解釈まで

金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系本書では， 科学分析の対象となるいくつもの遺物の中から， 有機物の「デンプン粒」， 「漆」， 無機物の「赤色顔料」， 「土器胎土」， 「石材・玉器」について，分析の概要を紹介します。本書前半では， それぞれの遺物分析の目的をまとめました。後半では， 分析前の試料（サンプル） をどう取り扱い， 保管しておくべきか， また実際にどのようにサンプルを処理し， どんな機器・装置を使って分析をし，どのような情報（データ） を取り出しているのか，を解説しています。科学研究費助成事業学術変革領域研究 (A)「考古遺物の材料分析と産地推定」(領域番号 20H05817)活動成果物、2022年8月31日発行)出典：(研究代表者) 神谷 嘉美, 研究課題「考古遺物の材料分析と産地推定」研究課題/領域番号20H05817（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-20H05817/）を加工して作成.研究課題/領域番号: 20H05817, 研究期間 (年度): 2020-11-19 – 2025-03-31本文データは、著者版活動成果物。関連研究：(研究代表者) 中村 慎一「中国文明起源解明の新・考古学イニシアティブ」(研究課題/領域番号)20H05815（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-ORGANIZER-20H05815/

Paradoxical development of polymyositis-like autoimmunity through augmented expression of autoimmune regulator (AIRE)

Autoimmunity is prevented by the function of the autoimmune regulator [AIRE (Aire in mice)], which promotes the expression of a wide variety of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) from medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and from a subset of peripheral antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We examined the effect of additive expression of human AIRE (huAIRE) in a model of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Unexpectedly, we observed that mice expressing augmented AIRE/Aire developed muscle-specific autoimmunity associated with incomplete maturation of mTECs together with impaired expression of Aire-dependent TRAs. This led to failure of deletion of autoreactive T cells together with dramatically reduced production of regulatory T cells in the thymus. In peripheral APCs, expression of costimulatory molecules was augmented. We suggest that levels of Aire expression need to be tightly controlled for maintenance of immunological tolerance. Our results also highlight the importance of coordinated action between central tolerance and peripheral tolerance under the common control of Aire

Modern plant reference materials from Japan

遺跡土壌や遺物に残るデンプン粒の同定作業のために必要な参照用のデンプン標本の作製方法と代表的具体例を示した。The method of making starch references and some examples necessary for identification of starch residues found in archaeological sediments and residues are described

Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene Plant Movements in Southern Kyushu, Japan

From the late Pleistocene to early Holocene in Japan, subtropical and temperate forest elements moved northwards. This affected human choices and access to food sources. More settled patterns of living spread northwards gradually, and northern hunting-gathering-fishing people began cultivating vegetables and cereal crops. This poster reports the presence of ancient starch residues on stone artefacts in Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Kyushu. The oldest residues recovered are dated by context to about 30,000 14^CyrBP. If such residues can be identified, it may be possible to detect a hypothesized early phase of tropical plant movement northwards during warmer climate peaks in the late terminal Pleistocene, as well as during the long period of Holocene warming that followed. As an initial step towards identification, the morphological characteristics and condition of the starch granules are described and compared to those of other sites in early Japan