141,860 research outputs found
Quantum Field Theory Without Divergence A
On the basis a new conjecture, we present a new Lagrangian density and a new
quantization method for QED, construct coupling operators and mass operators,
derive scattering operators S_{f} and S_{w} which are dependent on each other
and supplement new Feynman rules. S_{f} and S_{w} together determine a Fenman
integral. Hence all Feynman integrals are convergent and it is unnecessary to
introduce regularization and counterterms. That the energy of the vacuum state
is equal to zero is naturally obtained. From this we can easily determine the
cosmological constant according to data of astronomical observation, and it is
possible to correct nonperturbational methods which depend on the energy of the
ground state in quantum field theory. On the same basis as the new QED, we
obtain naturally a new SU(2)XU(1) electroweak unified model whose L=L_{F}+L_{W}
, here L is left-right symmetric. Thus the world is left-right symmetric in
principle, but the part observed by us is asymmetric because L_{W} and L_{F}
are all asymmetic. This model do not contain any unknown particle with a
massive mass. A conjecture that there is repulsion or gravitation between the
W-particles and the F-particles is presented. If the new interaction is
gravitation, W-matter is the candidate for dark matter. If the new interaction
is repulsion, W-matter is the origin of universe expansion.Comment: 52 pages, 12 figures. This is a more complete version with the
following changes relative to the original. A. Supplement formulas
(2.3.9a)-(2.3.9d) etc.; B. To correct some content
A Possible Universal Model without Singularity and its Explanation for Evolution of the Universe
New hypotheses are proposed that there are s-particles and v-particles which
are symmetric and mutually repulsive, there are S-space and V-space whose
essential difference is only that their expectation values of the Higgs fields
are different. In S-space the S-SU(5) symmetry is broken into S-SU(3)XU(1), and
V-SU(5) symmetry still holds. As a consequence, s-particles get their masses
determined by the SU(5) GUT and form the S-world, and v-particles are all
massless and form SU(5) colour-single states which are identified with dark
energy. The following results are obtained. There is no spacetime singularty,
and there is the highest temperature in the universe. The creating process of
one world is just the annihilating process of the other world in the highest
temperature. A formula which well describes the luminous distance and redshift
is obtained. The results of the Guth's inflationary scenario are obtained.
Decelerated expanding early stage and accelerated expanding now stage of the
universe are explained. New predictions are follows. Some huge cavities in
V-space are not empty, in which there is s-matter with larger density, and are
equivalent to huge concave lenses. The given tharacters of some huge cavities
are well explained. The gravitation between two galaxies distant enough will
lesser than that predicted by the conventional theory. A possible explanation
for the big redshift of quasi-stellar objects is presented. Huge redshifts of
quasars are mass redshifts. The universe is composed of infinite universal
islands. It is possible that there is a new annihilating mode of black holes
with their very huge masses, and there are very huge white holes which are
different from that predicted by conventional theory.Comment: 36 pages, 2 figures, correct some mistakes, supplement some predicts,
and correct the abstrct and reference [13
A Cosmological Model without Singularity and Dark Matter
According to the cosmological model without singularity, there are s-matter
and v-matter which are symmetric and have oppose gravitational masses. In
V-breaking s-matter is similar to dark energy to cause expansion of the
universe with an acceleration now, and v-matter is composed of v-F-matter and
v-W-matter which are symmetric and have the same gravitational masses and forms
the world. The ratio of s-matter to v-matter is changeable. Based on the
cosmological model, we confirm that big bang nucleosynthesis is not spoiled by
that the average energy density of W-matter (mirror matter) is equal to that of
F-matter (ordinary matter). According to the present model, there are three
sorts of dark matter which are v-W-baryon matter (4/27), unknown v-F-matter
(9.5/27) and v-W-matter (9.5/27). Given v-F-baryon matter (4/27) and v-W-baryon
matter can cluster and respectively form the visible galaxies and dark
galaxies. Unknown v-F-matter and v-W-matter cannot cluster to form any
celestial body, loosely distribute in space, are equivalent to cold dark
matter, and their compositions are unknown. The number in a bracket is the
ratio of the density of a sort of matter to total density of v-matter. The
decisive predict is that there are dark celestial bodies and dark galaxies. The
energy of F-matter can transform into the energy of W-matter by such a process
in which the reaction energy is high enough.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Distribution of Coefficients of Modular Forms and the Partition Function
Let be an odd prime and be positive integers. We study the
distribution of the coefficients of integer and half-integral weight modular
forms modulo odd positive integer . As a consequence, we prove that for each
integer , Comment: 8page
SU(5) Grand Unified Model and Dark Matter
A dark matter model which is called w-matter or mirror dark matter is
concretely constructed based on (f-SU(5))X(w-SU(5)) symmetry. There is no Higgs
field and all masses originate from interactions in the present model. W-matter
is dark matter relatively to f-matter and vice versa. In high-energy processes
or when temperature is very high, visible matter and dark matter can transform
from one into another. In such process energy seems to be non-conservational,
because dark matter cannot be detected. In low-energy processes or when
temperature is low, there is only gravitation interaction of dark matter for
visible matter.Comment: 7 pages, no figur
Curvature estimates for the level set of spatial quasiconcave solutions to a class of parabolic equations
We prove a constant rank theorem for the second fundamental form of the
spatial convex level surfaces of solutions to equations u_t=F(\n^2u, \n u, u,
t) under a structural condition, and give a geometric lower bound of the
principal curvature of the spatial level surfaces.Comment: 22 page
The Maximal Matching Energy of Tricyclic Graphs
Gutman and Wagner proposed the concept of the matching energy (ME) and
pointed out that the chemical applications of ME go back to the 1970s. Let
be a simple graph of order and be the roots of
its matching polynomial. The matching energy of is defined to be the sum of
the absolute values of . Gutman and Cvetkoi\'c
determined the tricyclic graphs on vertices with maximal number of
matchings by a computer search for small values of and by an induction
argument for the rest. Based on this result, in this paper, we characterize the
graphs with the maximal value of matching energy among all tricyclic graphs,
and completely determine the tricyclic graphs with the maximal matching energy.
We prove our result by using Coulson-type integral formula of matching energy,
which is similar as the method to comparing the energies of two quasi-order
incomparable graphs.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in
Computer Chemistry, 201
A discrete computer network model with expanding dimensions
Complex networks with expanding dimensions are studied, where the networks
may be directed and weighted, and network nodes are varying in discrete time in
the sense that some new nodes may be added and some old nodes may be removed
from time to time. A model of such networks in computer data transmission is
discussed. Each node on the network has fixed dimensionality, while the
dimension of the whole network is defined by the total number of nodes. Based
on the spectacular properties of data transmission on computer networks, some
new concepts of stable and unstable networks differing from the classical
Lyapunov stability are defined. In particular, a special unstable network
model, called devil network, is introduced and discussed. It is further found
that a variety of structures and connection weights affects the network
stability substantially. Several criteria on stability, instability, and devil
network are established for a rather general class of networks, where some
conditions are actually necessary and sufficient. Mathematically, this paper
makes a first attempt to rigorously formulate a fundamental issue of modeling
discrete linear time-varying systems with expanding dimensions and study their
basic stability property.Comment: 14 pages, 0 figures, 6 referecne
Simulation of optical microfiber loop resonators for biochemical sensing
Based on the basic theory of the microfiber loop resonator, we exploit the
application of microfiber loop resonators in biochemical sensing. We set up a
reliable theoretical model and optimize the structural parameters of microfiber
loop resonators including the radius of the microrfiber, the radius of the loop
and the length of the coupling region for higher sensitivity, wider dynamic
measurement range, and lower detection limit. To show the convincible and
realizable sensing ability we perform the simulation of sensing an extreme
small variation of ambient refractive index by employing a set of experimental
datas as the parameters in the expression of intensity transmission
coefficient, and the detection limit reaches to a varation of ambient
refractive index of 10-5 refractive index unit(RIU). This has superiority over
the exsiting evanescent field-based subwavelength-diameter optical fiber
refractive index sensor.Comment: 8 pages,5 figure
Deep Mask For X-ray Based Heart Disease Classification
We build a deep learning model to detect and classify heart disease using
. We collect data from several hospitals and public datasets. After
preprocess we get 3026 images including disease type VSD, ASD, TOF and normal
control. The main problem we have to solve is to enable the network to
accurately learn the characteristics of the heart, to ensure the reliability of
the network while increasing accuracy. By learning the doctor's diagnostic
experience, labeling the image and using tools to extract masks of heart
region, we train a U-net to generate a mask to give more attention. It forces
the model to focus on the characteristics of the heart region and obtain more
reliable results.Comment: outdated wor
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