Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-examination among Ambo University Undergraduate Regular Female Students; 2015

Background: - Screening for early detection and diagnosis of diseases and health conditions is an important public health principle. Breast self –examination (BSE) is a process whereby woman examines their breasts regularly to detect any abnormal swelling or lump in order to seek prompt medical attention. Hence the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among regular undergraduate female students of Ambo University.Method: - Institutional based cross-sectional study design was carried out from February to June 2015 among 320 study participants. Simple random sampling method was used to select the study participants.  Self administered pre-tested structured questionnaire were used to collect the data for the participants. Crude and adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression analysis were used to explore associations between different variables and breast self examination.Result: - Most of the respondents 206(67.5%) were heard information about breast self examination (BSE); of which 75(36.4%) get from campus though education, 65(31.5%) from mass media, 25(12.1%) from multiple source, 23(11.2%) from health worker and the rest 20(9.7%) get the information about BSE from their friends. Majority of the respondents have positive attitude towards BSE. Despite positive attitude towards BSE, its practice was low; 63(20.7%) of respondent were ever practiced, while 28(44.4%) were practiced monthly. The major reason of not practicing BSE was lack of knowledge how to perform BSE 67(27.6%) followed by do not had breast problem 49(20.2%).Conclusion:- BSE practice was low in this study. Having information on the importance of BSE was predictor of BSE practice. Therefore, it is important to give health information on BSE techniques, actual age at which BSE start, appropriate time when to perform and its role on breast cancer prevention for female students in higher educational institution. Keywords: KAP of Breast self-examination, Ambo, Ethiopia

Substance use and Contributing Factors Among Ambo University Students Ethiopia; 2016

Background:Students of higher institutions are at higher risk of substance use. Substance use is one of the serious socio-economic and public health problems. Even though substance use occurs in all segments of the societies, it is highly spreading among students of higher education especially in university students. Hence this study aimed to assess the prevalence and contributing factors of substance use among Ambo University regular students. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed from February to May 2016 among 197 study subjects. The study participants were recruited by using stratified sampling technique.  Data was collected using   self-administered questionnaires. The data was coded, cleaned entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Crude and adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression analysis were employed to explore associations between substance use and associated factors. Result: the study showed that 190(96.4%) of the respondents have knowledge about different forms of substance. Their main source of information were mass media (56%) followed by peer (22.5%).  The prevalence of substance use among the study participants were 72.6%. Of which majority of substance user were male 112(78.3%) were as the female account for only  31(21.7%). The commonly used substance were alcohol 80(55.9%),khat 73(51%) and cigarette smoking 37(25.9%).  Sex (being male)(AOR=0.23,95% CI: 0.1-0.54), family history of substance use (AOR=0.06,95% CI:0.015-0.21), peer pressure (AOR=3.9,95% CI:1.53-10), frustration and stress at dorm(AOR=2.2,95%CI:1.02-4.7), availability of substance (AOR=0.34,95%CI:0.14-0.83) and affordability (AOR=0.33,95%CI:0.12-0.91) were significantly associated with substance use.Conclusion - the prevalence of substance use was  high among the study participants; Therefore, an integrated effort needed  to follow and create awareness for those students who have high risk of expose to substance use with special focus  on the socio-economic, academic and health problems associated with substance use. Entertaining and recreational facilities should be available within the university. Keywords: Substance use, contributing factors, Ambo, Ethiopia Introductio

Risky Sexual Behavior Among Ambo Preparatory School Students West Shoa Zone, Oromia: 2015

Background: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. World Health Organization defines adolescent as the person between 10 and 19 years of age. Adolescent sexual behavior affects their physical, psychological and social well-being leading to death. Youth are at high risk of Human Immune Virus (HIV) and Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI). The aim of this study was assessing practice of adolescents towards risky sexual behavior in Ambo preparatory school west showa zone, oromia.Methods:  Institutional based cross-sectional study design was carried out from among 352 students from February to August 2015. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data were collected by using self-administered pre-tested structured questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression analysis were employed to explore relationship between breast self-examination and associated factors.Results: Out of the 352 study subjects; 105 (29.8%) respondents were sexually active. Among the sexually active students: 46(43.8%) reported ever use of condom. Consistent use of condom was reported only by 6(0.6%). Eighty five (32%) had risky sexual behavior. The commonest reason for engaging into risky sexual behavior was watching pornographic sex film watching and peer pressure.Conclusion: In this study significant proportion of students engaged in risky sexual behavior. Despite them practiced sex at early age consistence use of condom was not reported due to different reason. Hence the concerned body provides awareness to those students about risky sexual behavior, and the importance of consistence use of condom. Keywords: Risky sexual behavior, Ambo Ethiopi

A combination of strongly associated prothrombotic single nucleotide polymorphisms could efficiently predict venous thrombosis risk

BackgroundVenous thrombosis (VT) is multifactorial trait that contributes to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Although abundant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provoke the susceptibility of an individual to VT, research has found that the five most strongly associated SNPs, namely, rs6025 (F5 Leiden), rs2066865 (FGG), rs2036914 (F11), rs8176719 (ABO), and rs1799963 (F2), play the greatest role. Association and risk prediction models are rarely established by using merely the five strongly associated SNPs. This study aims to explore the combined VT risk predictability of the five SNPs and well-known non-genetic VT risk factors such as aging and obesity in the Hungarian population.MethodsSNPs were genotyped in the VT group (n = 298) and control group (n = 400). Associations were established using standard genetic models. Genetic risk scores (GRS) [unweighted GRS (unGRS), weighted GRS (wGRS)] were also computed. Correspondingly, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for genetic and non-genetic risk factors were estimated to explore their VT risk predictability in the study population.Resultsrs6025 was the most prevalent VT risk allele in the Hungarian population. Its risk allele frequency was 3.52-fold higher in the VT group than that in the control group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.50–4.95]. Using all genetic models, we found that rs6025 and rs2036914 remained significantly associated with VT risk after multiple correction testing was performed. However, rs8176719 remained statistically significant only in the multiplicative (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07–1.64) and genotypic models (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14–2.73). In addition, rs2066865 lost its significant association with VT risk after multiple correction testing was performed. Conversely, the prothrombin mutation (rs1799963) did not show any significant association. The AUC of Leiden mutation (rs6025) showed better discriminative accuracy than that of other SNPs (AUC = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57–0.66). The wGRS was a better predictor for VT than the unGRS (AUC = 0.67 vs. 0.65). Furthermore, combining genetic and non-genetic VT risk factors significantly increased the AUC to 0.89 with statistically significant differences (Z = 3.924, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur study revealed that the five strongly associated SNPs combined with non-genetic factors could efficiently predict individual VT risk susceptibility. The combined model was the best predictor of VT risk, so stratifying high-risk individuals based on their genetic profiling and well-known non-modifiable VT risk factors was important for the effective and efficient utilization of VT risk preventive and control measures. Furthermore, we urged further study that compares the VT risk predictability in the Hungarian population using the formerly discovered VT SNPs with the novel strongly associated VT SNPs

Sexual initiation and associated factors among young women in West Shoa, Ambo Town, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract Background For physiological as well as behavioral reasons, sexual debut increases young individuals’ risk for infection with sexually transmitted infection including HIV. It is fundamental to recognize the factors related to sexual debut in a broader context for designing and implementing effective interventions targeting youth. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was employed from January to May, 2013 among females of Ambo town. A multistage sampling technique was applied. The participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Face to face interview using structured and pretested questionnaires were used to collect thedata from the study participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of sexual initiation. Results Three hundred seventeen (49.9%) of the respondents have ever had sex. The mean age at first sexual initiation was 16.6 (SD ±2.3) years. Being in age group 20-24 [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) & (95% CI) = 2.75 (1.74, 4.34)], Educational level [AOR& (95% CI) = 0.20 (0.08, 0.48)], being in school [AOR& (95% CI) = 0.19 (0.11, 0.33)], having paid job [AOR& (95% CI) = 2.20 (1.19, 4.07)], peer pressure [AOR& (95% CI) = 3.20 (2.08, 4.94)], alcohol consumption [AOR& (95% CI) = 2.17 (1.43, 3.28)], and pornographic materials [AOR& (95% CI) = 2.27 (1.43, 3.61)] had significant association with sexual initiation. Conclusion Substantial numbers of females had started sexual activity that might expose them to different reproductive health problems. In general age group, peer pressure, alcohol consumption and watching pornographic materials were found to be predictors for the sexual debut. Therefore, building life skills, establishing youth friendly clubs should be intensified