Parameter determination of the method of directional unloading of the reservoir based on physical modelling on a true triaxial loading setup

The article presents a theoretical and experimental substantiation of the method of directional unloading of the reservoir in fields with low-permeability reservoirs. The relevance of the article is due to the reduction of hydrocarbon resources in modern conditions and the need to create new efficient environmentally friendly technologies to develop hydrocarbon deposits with hard-to-recover reserves, primarily with low-permeability reservoirs. The results of a theoretical study of the stress-strain state in the vicinity of a well, both cased and open, are presented. They are necessary to develop programs for laboratory testing of core specimens from the studied fields. A technique for physical modelling of deformation processes in the bottomhole zone with a decrease in pressure at the well bottom in a true triaxial loading unit is described in order to determine the parameters of the process impact on the formation reservoir, leading to an increase in well productivity. The method was applied to the conditions of the low-permeability reservoir at the Verkhneviluchanskoye oil and gas condensate field in the southwest of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Expe-rimental studies were carried out on a unique scientific unit for true triaxial loading, created at the IPMech RAS, the Triaxial Independent Loading Test System. The directional unloading method was adapted for the studied field, the process parameters of successful application of the method were determined: the bottomhole design, the drawdown values necessary to increase the permeability of the bottomhole formation zone

Компьютерное моделирование тепловых процессов в многослойных композиционных структурах

The paper contains solution of the problem concerning heating of multi-layer materials. Method of finite elements has been used to solve the problem.On the basis of numerical experiments plots of temperature fields have been constructed and optimum operating conditions of heating processes of multi-layer structures of materials having special properties have been determined.Приведено решение задачи нагревания многослойных материалов. При решении задачи использован метод конечных элементов.По результатам численного эксперимента построены графики температурных полей и определены оптимальные режимные параметры процессов нагревания многослойных структур материалов, обладающих специальными свойствами

Classical swine fever: a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation (2007–2021) and forecast for 2022

The paper presents trends in the epizootic situation on classical swine fever (CSF) in the Russian Federation, for 2007–2021. Most likely, a drop in the number of CSF outbreaks throughout the country results from two factors: a geographical shift of the disease outbreaks from the European part of Russia to the eastern regions bordering on China (into the wild boar population), as documented between 2015 and 2021, and a large-scale vaccination of domestic pigs practiced in the recent years. The introduction and spread of CSF in the Russian Federation are, most likely, associated with the internal risk factors (i.e. quality of anti-epizootic measures, mainly vaccination) and with the territories, where the virus circulates in wild boars. Expansion of vaccination coverage since 2011 is one of the factors contributing to a decrease in the number of clinical CSF cases registered in domestic pigs of the Russian Federation. The infection spread in domestic pigs is still on a downward trend. For purposes of analysis, current trends of CSF spread in domestic pigs and wild boars in the Russian Federation, as well as the volume of the vaccine used, were visualized in relative numbers (taking into account total number of pigs in the country) used to build a regression model. Currently, vaccination against classical swine fever in the Russian Federation (and its good quality) is an essential prerequisite to contain the infection spread in the country

Pharmacological sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake protects against dementia and β-amyloid neurotoxicity

All forms of dementia including Alzheimer's disease are currently incurable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium alterations are shown to be involved in the mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Previously we have described the ability of compound Tg-2112x to protect neurons via sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake and we suggest that it can also be protective against neurodegeneration and development of dementia. Using primary co-culture neurons and astrocytes we studied the effect of Tg-2112x and its derivative Tg-2113x on β-amyloid-induced changes in calcium signal, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium, and cell death. We have found that both compounds had no effect on β-amyloid or acetylcholine-induced calcium changes in the cytosol although Tg2113x, but not Tg2112x reduced glutamate-induced calcium signal. Both compounds were able to reduce mitochondrial calcium uptake and protected cells against β-amyloid-induced mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. Behavioral effects of Tg-2113x on learning and memory in fear conditioning were also studied in 3 mouse models of neurodegeneration: aged (16-month-old) C57Bl/6j mice, scopolamine-induced amnesia (3-month-old mice), and 9-month-old 5xFAD mice. It was found that Tg-2113x prevented age-, scopolamine- and cerebral amyloidosis-induced decrease in fear conditioning. In addition, Tg-2113x restored fear extinction of aged mice. Thus, reduction of the mitochondrial calcium uptake protects neurons and astrocytes against β-amyloid-induced cell death and contributes to protection against dementia of different ethology. These compounds could be used as background for the developing of a novel generation of disease-modifying neuroprotective agents

Методика исследования теплофизических характеристик материалов со специальными свойствами

The paper proposes apparatus devices for investigation of heating processes and thermal and physical characteristics of composite materials using methods of contact, contactless thermometry, infra-red thermography and spectrophotometry.The developed measuring methods make it possible to investigate mechanisms and kinetics of radiation drying processes of multi-layer materials having special properties.Предложены аппаратурные средства исследований тепловых процессов и теплофизических характеристик композиционных материалов методами контактной, бесконтактной термометрии, инфракрасной термографии и спектрофотометрии.Разработанные методики измерений обеспечивают возможность исследования механизмов и кинетики процессов радиационной сушки многослойных материалов со специальными свойствами

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ МОДИФИКАЦИИ ИЗНОСОСТОЙКИХ ПЛАЗМЕННЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ ИМПУЛЬСНО-ПЛАЗМЕННОЙ ОБРАБОТКОЙ

The paper contains information on the investigated processes and optimized technological parameters  of  highly-energy  machining of plasma  coatings  made  of  cladding  composite  powders obtained as a result of self-spreading high-temperature synthesis. Metallographic analysis has been carried out and coating properties machined at optimum regimes have been investigated in the paperИсследованы процессы и оптимизированы технологические параметры высокоэнергетической обработки плазменных покрытий из плакированных композиционных СВС-порошков. Проведен металлографический анализ, изучены свойства покрытий, обработанных на оптимальных режимах

СОЗДАНИЕ ГРАДИЕНТНЫХ ПЛАЗМЕННЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ, СТАБИЛИЗИРОВАННОГО ДИОКСИДОМ ИТТЕРБИЯ

The process has been investigated and technological parameters for spraying gradient plasma coatings on the basis of zirconium dioxide stabilized with ytterbium dioxide have been optimized in the paper.Проведены исследования процесса и оптимизированы технологические параметры напыления градиентных плазменных покрытий на основе диоксида циркония, стабилизированного диоксидом иттербия

Potential of Magnetic Hyperthermia to Stimulate Localized Immune Activation

Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) harnesses the heat-releasing properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and has potential to stimulate immune activation in the tumor microenvironment whilst sparing surrounding normal tissues. To assess feasibility of localized MH in vivo, SPIONs are injected intratumorally and their fate tracked by Zirconium-89-positron emission tomography, histological analysis, and electron microscopy. Experiments show that an average of 49% (21-87%, n = 9) of SPIONs are retained within the tumor or immediately surrounding tissue. In situ heating is subsequently generated by exposure to an externally applied alternating magnetic field and monitored by thermal imaging. Tissue response to hyperthermia, measured by immunohistochemical image analysis, reveals specific and localized heat-shock protein expression following treatment. Tumor growth inhibition is also observed. To evaluate the potential effects of MH on the immune landscape, flow cytometry is used to characterize immune cells from excised tumors and draining lymph nodes. Results show an influx of activated cytotoxic T cells, alongside an increase in proliferating regulatory T cells, following treatment. Complementary changes are found in draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, results indicate that biologically reactive MH is achievable in vivo and can generate localized changes consistent with an anti-tumor immune response