THE THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION FOR ECOPIPAM ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION ON A COBALT(III) OXYHYDROXIDE-BASED MATERIAL

The theoretical description for ecopipam electrochemical determination, assisted by cobalt(III) oxyhydroxide has been given. The correspondent mathematical model has been developed and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. It has been shown that, despite of the electrochemical instabilities, more probable to occur than for the similar systems, the cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide is an efficient electrode modifier for ecopipam determination. The electroanalytical process is diffusion-controlled

Analysis and Systematization of Approaches to Understanding the Concept of “Hybrid War”

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the phenomenon of hybrid warfare, taking into account the involvement of Ukraine in the Russian Federation in a state of undeclared hybrid war. The studyʼs main objectives are the analysis and systematization of approaches to understanding the nature of hybrid warfare by domestic and foreign scientists, generalization of its key features and formulation of a synthesized definition taking into account the ongoing aggression against Ukraine. Based on the systematization of a wide range of scientific papers and approaches to solving the problem of studying the nature of hybrid warfare, scientists tend to increase the attention of scientists to its study. The urgency of solving this scientific problem in the Ukrainian dimension lies in the direct involvement of Ukraine in the plane of the undeclared war. The issue of hybrid warfare in the article is studied in the following logical sequence: retrospectively analyzed the development, formation and identification of the content of the terms “hybrid war”, “hybrid means of warfare”; the relationship between hybrid warfare, a wide range of its methods and tools; signs of hybrid war in several wars and conflicts are singled out; the tendencies to the regulation of hybrid warfare are analyzed not only in scientific sources, but also in normative-legal documents; approaches to determining the content and nature of hybrid warfare, which are reflected in the publications of domestic scientists, according to which a universal interpretation of the term is formulated, and the idea of its “umbrella” meaning is confirmed. The studyʼs methodological tools were the methods of analysis, synthesis, and systematic approach; the time limits are partially covered by historical events from the Peloponnesian War to the present. The study's object was war in all its manifestations because hybrid warfare is derived from ordinary conventional warfare. The article presents an empirical analysis of approaches to understanding the nature of hybrid warfare, which show the need for further research in the subject area, taking into account recent events in Ukraine. The study results can be useful for scientists and managers who study national security problems, development of the security and defence sector, and defence planning

Development of A Complex Method for Finding A Solution for Neuro-fuzzy Expert Systems

Artificial intelligence has become the backbone of modern decision support systems. This is why a complex method for finding solutions for neuro-fuzzy expert systems has been developed. The proposed complex method is based on a mathematical model for the analysis of the operational situation. The model makes it possible to determine the parameters of the analysis of the operational situation, their influence on the quality of assessment of the operational situation and to determine their number with units of measurement. An increase in the efficiency of information processing (error reduction) of the assessment is achieved by the use of evolving neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks. Training of evolving neuro-fuzzy artificial neural networks is carried out by training not only synaptic weights of the artificial neural network, the type, parameters of the membership function, but also by applying the procedure for reducing the dimension of the feature space. The efficiency of information processing is also achieved by training the architecture of artificial neural networks; accounting for the type of uncertainty in the information to be assessed; work with both clear and fuzzy data. We achieved a reduction in computational complexity while making decisions; the absence of errors in training artificial neural networks as a result of processing information entering the input of artificial neural networks. The analysis of the operational situation as a whole occurs due to the improved clustering procedure, which allows working with both static and dynamic data. The proposed complex method was tested on the example of assessing the state of the operational situation. The mentioned example showed an increase in assessment efficiency at the level of 20–25 % in terms of information processing efficienc