Global Ecological and Economic Preconditions of Climate Changes and their Forecast Dynamics in the Medium and Long Terms

The purpose of the article is to study global trends in climate change, which is one of the most pressing threats with a long-term negative impact on the population, environment and economy. The article analyzes the impact of global climate change on land resources, agriculture, forestry, water resources, emergencies, etc. It is defined that global climate change is one of the most acute problems of human development, ignoring which in the long run will lead to a leveling of economic growth. In addition, climate change can lead to various negative consequences, such as an increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, worsening conditions for agricultural production, threatening changes in the regimes of water resources, high temperatures, air pollution, etc. The article examines the anthropogenic causes that have led to the global problem of climate change. The main causes and features of the global warming and climate change process are identified. The natural and anthropogenic factors that influence global warming and climate change are described. Examples of climate change in different regions of the world are given, and their consequences are characterized. The article presents a forecast of regional manifestations of global climate change, which is important for regional development and strategic planning. Forecasts help to develop adaptation strategies and measures to reduce the negative impacts and take advantage of opportunities that may arise as a result of changes. In addition, regional analysis makes it possible to determine the specifics of the impact of climate change on specific territories and take them into account in the development of strategies for balanced development, ensuring public safety and preserving natural resources. Approaches to determining the characteristics in the context of future climate change are proposed, as well as approaches to developing an adaptation policy in relation to possible consequences of climate change. The results of the study can be used by local government officials to assess the causes and consequences of global warming and extreme weather events, as well as to formulate adaptation policies

Adaptation to Climate Change: The Experience of the European Union

The article examines the theoretical and legal framework for the formation of public administration instruments in the field of climate change at the EU level. The author identifies the main directions of the European Union’s climate policy and sets out the tasks envisaged to be implemented by 2030. The article analyzes the main groups of instruments and measures used within the framework of European governance aimed at combating climate change. The world is currently experiencing significant and dynamic changes. Climate change has become an important challenge for the whole world, and the EU countries recognize its potentially negative impact on the environment and society. Climate change is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of our time, and the EU is actively engaged in developing and implementing measures to ensure the resilience of its territory and citizens to these challenges. The study analyzes the approaches and strategies used by the EU to adapt to climate change at various levels. The article analyzes the general context of climate change and the main challenges posed by climate change, and examines the EU policies and initiatives on adaptation, including the development of national strategies, funding programs, and mechanisms for cooperation between the EU Member States. One of the most important and urgent issues of the European Union is the protection of the natural environment and ecological security of the continent in the context of climate change. In this regard, current trends in European development force us to think about complex theoretical issues, such as the quality of life of Europeans. In this context, the role of climate change policy is becoming increasingly important in shaping new areas of political science, which encompasses and interacts with the fields of economics, law, sociology, and ecology. The article substantiates the challenges faced by the EU in the issue of climate change adaptation and provides recommendations for the further development of strategies and policies in this sphere. The study aims to contribute to a better understanding and utilization of the EU’s experience in climate change adaptation both in Europe and in other parts of the world

Recommendations for Training of Crews Working on Diesel-Electric Vessels Equipped with Azimuth Thrusters

This study addresses the problem of training the officers, which are assigned to an electrical-driven vessels equipped with azimuth thrusters. A pair of omnidirectional thrusters in combination with power plant system containing several diesel generators imply a potential for a variety of different emergency scenarios, which also includes partial or full loss of control or blackout. These fault scenarios were classified in the article with predefined risk levels depending on the area, time limitation, mode of operation and fault itself. Mutual responsibilities and action algorithms for bridge and engine teams in a step-by-step manner have been developed for each scenario. Personnel behavioral differences in both expected and unexpected emergencies have also been studied

Розробка, випробування і впровадження електродіалізного опріснювача на морських суднах

Шевченко, В. В. Розробка, випробування і впровадження електродіалізного опріснювача на морських суднах = The development, testing and implementation of electrodialysis desalination plant on ships / В. В. Шевченко, О. М. Філіпщук, О. М. Фролов // Зб. наук. пр. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2016. – № 3 (465). – С. 51–55.Обрано електродіалізний метод опріснення, який обґрунтовано прив’язаний до суднової практики. На основі розрахункових і дослідних даних розроблено, виготовлено й випробуване дослідно-промисловий зразок електродіалізного опріснювача, який призначений для опріснення морської води з технологічною прив’язкою на морських судах.In this work the elektrodialysing desalination method is selected that reasonably tied to the ship’s practice. On the basis of the calculated and experimental data experimental industrial design elektrodialysing desalter is developed, manufactured and tested which is intended for desalination of sea water from the technological binding on sea vessels.Избран электродиализный метод опреснения, который обосновано привязан к судовой практике. На основе расчетных и исследовательских данных разработан, изготовлен и испытан опытно-промышленный образец электродиализного опреснителя, который предназначен для опреснения морской воды с технологической привязкой на морских судах

Participation of γ-aminobutyric acid in cell signaling processes and plant adaptation to abiotic stressors

Adaptation of plants to stress factors occurs with the participation of stress phytohormones, signaling network and plant neurotransmitters. Among the latter, in particular, γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-aminobutyric acid – GABA) is a non-proteinogenic four-carbon amino acid found in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Its functions in plants have been actively studied only in the past decade. During this period, a lot of information has been accumulated about the protective effect of exogenous GABA on plants of various taxonomic groups under the influence of stress factors of various nature. The first national review is devoted to the analysis and generalization of data on the mechanisms of stress-protective action of GABA in plants. The ways of synthesis and metabolism of GABA in plant cells and the mechanisms of activation of these processes under stressful conditions are described. It is noted that the main way of GABA formation in plants is decarboxylation of glutamate by means of glutamate decarboxy­lase. Possible mechanisms of GABA reception and signal transmission to the genetic apparatus are discussed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of new data on the role of calcium in the activation of GABA synthesis and the realization of its physiological effects. Possible mechanisms of GABA’s influence on the functioning of mitochondria, its role in maintaining redox homeostasis under stressful conditions are discussed. At the same time, data on the increase in the expression of genes encoding the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase under the influence of GABA are presented. Functional connections between GABA and nitric oxide as a signaling mediator are considered. The effect of exogenous GABA on the main protective reactions of plants is characte­rized: the state of the antioxidant system, the accumulation of multifunctional low-molecular protectors, the synthesis of dehydrins and chaperones. The data on the phenomeno­logy of the effects of GABA under the main abiotic stresses are presented: the effects of extreme temperatures, drought and salinity on plants. The prospects for the practical use of GABA as a compound that combines the functions of an energy metabolite and a signaling mediator are noted

Nanocomposite Nb-Al-N coatings: Experimental and theoretical principles of phase transformations

Phase transformations of Al doped NbN nanocomposite coatings are studied in detail focusing on their microstructural evolution and phase composition. Several techniques such as XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, Nanoindentation and molecular dynamics simulation are employed in order to understand the phase evolution of the Nb-Al-N system. The nanocomposite structures were formed in the coatings, the roughness of the coatings decreased with increasing the Al concentration due to decreasing grain size. First-principles investigation of Nb-Al-N solid solutions was carried out to interpret film properties. It was found, that for small Al fractions, the solid solutions will form in agreement with our experimental results. The spinodal decomposition of Nb-Al-N solid solutions is supposed to be responsible for the formation of the nanocomosite structure observed in the deposited Nb-Al-N films

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat