Thymoma with Myasthenia Gravis in Adolescent

Thymomas are exceedingly rare in the first 20 years of life, Thymic lesions comprise approximately 2–3% of all pediatric mediastinal tumors and include thymic cysts, hyperplasia, carcinoma, and thymomas. Fewer than 30 cases in children have been described in the literature. Thymomas in adults are commonly associated with other diseases, the most frequent being myasthenia gravis. However, this association has been rarely reported in childhood. These tumors are typically aggressive, with poor outcomes. We report a case of thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis in a 16-year-old girl and review the literature

Ganglioneuroma Always A Histopathological Diagnosis

Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma arise from sympathetic tissue in the neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum and pelvis Ganglioneuromas are commonly seen in childhood. They are highly differentiated benign tumors and are compatible with long-term disease free survival. Retroperitoneal localization is relatively frequent for these tumors. Due to its rarity and lack of specific radiological findings diagnosis is always postoperative. Here, we present a case of Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma which was undiagnosed before surgery

Association of neonatal respiratory morbidity with timing of elective cesarean delivery

Background: Elective Cesarean Delivery (ECD) rate has increased in both developed and developing countries due to obstetric indications and cesarean section on request. Neonatal respiratory morbidity is one of the complications of elective cesarean delivery performed before 39 weeks gestation. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity of elective caesarean section performed at 37+0 to 38+6 weeks with those delivered at 39 +0 to 41+6 weeks gestation.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all pregnant women who were delivered by elective caesarean at a gestational age of 37+0 to 38+6 weeks and were compared with those delivered at 39+0 to 41+6 weeks. Maternal and neonatal characteristics, neonatal respiratory morbidity including: respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn and serious respiratory morbidity were analyzed.Results: Incidence of neonatal respiratory morbidity was 15.8% and 6.3% in neonates delivered at 37+0 to 38+6 weeks and ≥39 weeks gestation respectively. Combined respiratory morbidity risk (Odds ratio: OR 2.82; 95% Confidence interval CI: 1.34-5.94; P value <0.05) was significantly higher in the neonates delivered at 37+0 to 38+6 weeks compared with those delivered ≥39 weeks. Risk of TTN (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 0.95-7.45; P value 0.08) and RDS (OR 2.42; 95%CI: 0.48-12.15; P value 0.45) increased by two fold in neonates delivered before 39 weeks.Conclusions: Neonates delivered by elective cesarean at 37+0 to 38+6 weeks gestations are at increased risk of developing respiratory morbidity compared with infants delivered beyond 39 weeks. Respiratory morbidity can be reduced by delaying the ECD until 39 weeks of gestation.

Total Thiols and MDA Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Before and After Reperfusion Therapy

Background: Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic and reperfusion injury. In the current work we have measured malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiols, total CK, CK-MB and AST in ECG proven acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients immediately after admission and 24 hours after administration of thrombolytic agent streptokinase, and in healthy controls. Methods: Blood samples from 44 AMI patients and 25 age and sex matched healthy controls were obtained and analyzed for MDA, total thiols using spectrophotometric methods and cardiac enzymes CK, CK-MB and AST using automated analyzer. Results: We have found significant increase in MDA, CPK, CK-MB, AST (p< 0.001) and significant decrease in total thiols (p<0.001) in AMI patients after thrombolytic therapy compared to values at admission, and healthy controls. MDA correlated negatively with total thiols (r = - 0.333, p<0.05) and positively with CK-MB (r = 0.491, p<0.01) in AMI patients after thrombolytic therapy. Conclusions: Reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy increases reactive oxygen species with concomitant decrease in antioxidant total thiols

Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma (PFTC) is rare and accounts for about 0.3% of all gynecologic cancers. Less than 1500 cases have been reported in the literature. It arises in postmenopausal women and typically presents with abdominal pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding and watery discharge. However, a correct diagnosis is rarely achieved preoperative, and in many cases, the diagnosis is made after incidental surgery for unrelated conditions commonly being ovarian carcinoma . Compared with ovarian carcinoma, PFTC more often presents at early stages, but it has a worse prognosis. PFTC is usually managed in the same manner as ovarian cancer. We report a case of Left PFTC that presented as Left ovarian mass, and we briefly review the literature

Ovarian Fibroma with Meigs Syndrome associated with Elevated CA125 - A Rare Case

Postmenopausal women with solid adnexal masses, ascites and pleural effusion with elevated CA 125 are highly suggestive for malignant ovarian tumor. However in literature 28 cases Meigs syndrome (Benign ovarian tumor, ascites and right pleural effusion) with raised CA 125 have been reported. We report a case of Meigs syndrome caused by right ovarian fibroma with elevated serum CA125 level in a postmenopausal woma

Laparoscopic evaluation of tubal factor in cases of infertility

Background: Tubal factor infertility accounts for approximately 25-35% of cases of female infertility. The evaluation of the fallopian tube is necessary to determine the management plan for infertility. Tubal patency can be diagnosed by hysterosalpingography (HSG) or laparoscopy with chromopertubation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of tubal factor in infertile women.Methods: Fifty women presenting with complaints of primary and secondary infertility were investigated for tubal disease by laparoscopy at K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore, from January 2007 to July 2008. Tubal patency was tested by chromopertubation using Methylene blue dye. Results: Thirty four (68%) patients were in primary infertility group while 16 (32%) patients were in secondary infertility group. 88% women were in the age group of 21 to 35 years. In 64% of women, the duration of infertility was between 1 to 5 years whereas 32% cases had been infertile for 6 to 10 years. Tubal pathology was detected in 64.7% cases of primary infertility and 68.7% cases of secondary infertility. Bilateral tubal occlusion was found in 8% and unilateral occlusion in 28% cases.Conclusion: Laparoscopy is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of tubal pathology. Laparoscopy and chromopertubation test should be recommended as a first step in the investigation of infertile women with tubal factor

Study of the bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract of the dog and cat

The scarcity of information concerning the normal bacterial flora of the mouth and upper respiratory tract of the various domesticated animals has been the subject of recent comment by Veterinary Surgeons, arising out of ;queries regarding the possible carrier rate amongst animals of organisms pathogenic to those animals and also, in the case of pet animals, as to the possibility of their carrying and transmitting infections to their owners. In 1941, Francis, While summarising the Public Health Report on the study of the bacterial flora of the nasopharynx of individuals of the population in London and South-East England (Straker , Bedford, Lovell and Rosher, 1939) , drew the attention of veterinary research workers to the fact that there had been no adequate investigation of the bacteria normally present in the nasopharynx of any species of domestic animals, or of the factors which affected the carrier rate. He pointed out that a study of such a nature would be of obvious value in several of the respiratory diseases of domestic animals, particularly of those affecting young animals kept under intensive conditions. Bosworth (1947) Quoted the need for an adequate survey of staphylococci in dogs in normal health and sickness, Levi (1946) thought that a detailed study of the normal inhabitants of the nasopharynx of the cat would be of value in interpreting bacteriological findings in cases of "snuffies". much has been said in recent years about the incidence of haemolytic streptococci. in dogs and their pathogenicity (pilot, Bïiick, Davis and Eastman, 1936; Hare and = ry, 1935; Stafseth, 1940; Hare, 1946,; and Carside , 1947) , but the frequencies of these organisms in relation to other possible pathos, ens have not been studied. Taking these factors into consideration, it was decided to make a general survey of the various organisms present in the upper respiratory tracts of dog's and cats. These animals were chosen because of the facilities available for the collection of material (Clinical Department attached to the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College, Edinburgh) , but an important factor which weighed too in selecting these two species of animals, was the Public Health aspect. It was thought that the results of this investigation would provide information as to whether or not these animals were frequent carriers of human pathogens. In modern society the dog and cat have become such household pets that they are fairly considered as members of the family, having free access practically to everything and to every piece in their masters' homes, so that if these animals harbour any of the human pathogens, transmission to Human beings may be easily accomplished Several reports regarding the high f'requency of haemolytic streptococci in the throats of dogs, stated above, repeated reports in the medical literature of Pasteurella infection in man following cat bites and, -in one instance, dog bite (napel and Holm, 1930; Schenk, 1938; Allin, 1942; Allott et al, 1944; and Hansman and Tully, 1945), and the cases recorded of tularaemia following cat bites (Smiles, 1931; Collins, 1933 -34) specially influenced this aspect of the study

Development of Electrical Insulating Surface on Copper-Nickel Alloy Wire used in Naval Instruments

The copper nickel alloy wire used in the Naval instr-uments is a 60/40 alloy wire with oxide layer on its surface for providing the necessary electrical insulation to 15 volts. The work carried out at Naval Chemical and Metall-urgical Laboratory consists of studying the oxide sur-faces produced on the alloy wire under various conditions of temperature, flow rate of oxygen and time. The temperatures studied were from 600°C to 1000°C at intervals of 50 degrees. The flow rate was varied from 1 litre per minute to 10 litres per minu- tes The time of oxidation was from 1 minute to 20 minu- tes

A study on the clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of polycystic ovary syndrome patients attending tertiary care hospital

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive age affecting 5% to 10% of women worldwide. It is a heterogenous, multifactorial, complex genetic disorder. PCOS receives a considerable attention because of its high prevalence and metabolic, reproductive and cardiovascular consequences.Methods: A cross sectional observation study of 100 PCOS patients was carried out between January 2014 to July 2015 in Gynaecology out-patient and Infertility OPD, Justice K. S. Hegde charitable hospital, Mangalore. The clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of these patients were analysed and correlation was done between clinical features and biochemical and hormonal profile.Results: The prevalence of PCOS was 6.3% in the Gynaecology out-patient visits and 37.14% among infertile women. Menstrual irregularity was the most common complaint accounting for 31% followed by infertility (23%). Elevated leutinizing hormone and elevated LH: FSH was significant in irregular menstrual group. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study was 21.3%. Spearmans correlation between various clinical and laboratory parameters showed menstrual cycle and body mass index(BMI) had a fair positive correlation and was significant. WHR (waist hip ratio) showed 21 times risk for metabolic syndrome.Conclusions: The study showed that most of our polycystic ovary syndrome subjects were hirsute, with central obesity and overweight or obese. Oligomenorrhea was the most common presentation. Among the various risk factors studied, WHR (waist hip ratio) showed 21 times risk for metabolic syndrome. Obese women with PCOS had more severe ovulatory dysfunction and need more attention for their appropriate management