Features of Cost Advantages from Implementation of Energy-Saving Projects

The implementation of the tasks envisaged by the National Security Strategy provides for the creation and implementation of projects aimed at the formation of the appropriate infrastructure of the regions. The most important component of the regional infrastructure is the energy one, which ensures the solution of urgent problems of the population and enterprises of the regions in obtaining energy and heat supply services. The achievement of the abovementioned goal is provided by introduction of investment projects, the implementation of which makes it possible to obtain cost advantages by consumers of services. Analysis of these projects' implementation programs over a long period of time confirms the significant cost advantages, the importance of which is determined by its social significance. The purpose of this paper is studying issues aimed at analyzing, assessment and shaping the cost benefits of the introduction of energy-efficient innovative technologies for heat-saving at enterprises of the public utilities sector. The study methods for this issue include the cost-benefit analysis, the cost efficiency assessment, tabular and graphical methods, which allow visualizing the structure of the economic effect and identifying its features. The paper presents the structure of the cost advantages gained by consumers that introduce innovative energy-saving technologies. The study revealed the features of the cost benefits formation, their structure, characteristic of these technologies. The paper draws a conclusion about the effectiveness of these projects, confirmed by the results of calculations, for consumers of services. Materials of the article are of practical value for professionals engaged in analysis and evaluation of energy/heat conservation projects, as well as for organizations that implement project outputs when comparing future benefits and costs as opposed to alternative technologies. Keywords: cost advantages; cost benefits; cost advantage assessment method; energy security; energy saving; heat saving; project costs and results. JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.764

Energy Saving Projects as Energy Security Factors

National economic development, its effectiveness and competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets are directly determined by the country's economic resilience, which is able to ensure protection of its interests at the international level, promote economic growth and address public needs. One of the most important components of the country's national security is its energy security. In this regard, implementation of energy resource-saving technologies and enhancement of energy efficiency is of prime importance; in particular, solving heat related problems, i.e. heat transfer challenges while reforming and reorganizing Russian regional heat supply system. The main purpose of the paper is to study the issues connected with development and implementation of investment projects in the sphere of heat conservation and efficiency as one of the essential components contributing to energy efficiency programs in cities, regions, country. The survey methodology includes a quantitative method used to assess the effectiveness of an investment project which is based on the concept of discounting, the grouping technique, and tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. The paper presents result of evaluating the effectiveness of an investment project aimed at energy-saving, and energy efficient technologies in the field of heat saving. The projects implemented contribute to improvement and further development of the energy infrastructure of social-and-economic assets in order to improve their energy efficiency. The authors draw conclusions on the projects' effectiveness and urgency. Paper materials are of practical value for professionals involved in the study of investment projects in the field of energy and heat saving in order to ensure energy security of the country. Keywords: economy, economic security, energy security, energy efficiency, heat saving, investment project. JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.714

History of the formation and development of the Prosecutor's office in the Republic of Austria

The publication is devoted to the study of the history of the formation of the Austrian prosecutor's office and changes throughout its history. The work discusses the organization and activities of prosecutorial supervision in Austria. The authors analyse the history of the creation of the institution of the prosecutor's office in the state, highlight the stages of activity and examine the problematic aspects of the work of the prosecutor's office. © 2020 Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved

Роль российской В.Д. Спасовича юриспруденции в развитии

Russian jurisprudence has a long history of development, in which individuals played a significant role: lawyers, human rights defenders, counsels. One of the prominent Russian human rights defenders is Vladimir Danilovich Spasovich. Vladimir Danilovich made a huge contribution to the development of domestic jurisprudence. The authors study his personality and professional activities. Particular attention is paid to the role of Vladimir Danilovich Spasovich in the development of domestic criminal law. © 2020 Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved

History of the creation and activities of the League of Nations [История Лиги Наций создания и деятельности]

The League of Nations, created after the First World War, became a new body in the world diplomatic practice, the main goal of which was to prevent the recurrence of a destructive war. Despite the fact that the League of Nations failed to solve many problems, it marked the beginning of international cooperation to eliminate conflicts and establish peace. The authors consider the prerequisites for the creation of the League of Nations and the main directions of its activities. The main achievements and the role of the League of Nations in the further development of international cooperation and the creation of international organizations are analyzed. © 2019 Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved

The role of D. V. Stasov in the development of Russian jurisprudence

Russian jurisprudence has a long history of development in which individuals play an important role: lawyers, human rights activists, cauncels. One of these lawyers is Dmitry Vasilyevich Stasov (1828-1918). The publication discusses the personality and professional activity of Stasov. The main focus of the authors is on his role in the judicial reform of 1864 and the formation of the jury bar, as well as its participation in the public life of the country. © 2019 Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved

Role of the A.I. Urusov in the development of Russian jurisprudence

Russian jurisprudence has a long history of development, in which individuals played an important role: lawyers, human rights defenders, counsels. One of the prominent Russian human rights defenders was Alexander Ivanovich Urusov. The authors study his personality and professional activities in trials as a sworn attorney. His difficult career path and the participation in the "Nechaev" case were considered. © 2020 Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Istorii (Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Hist. All rights reserved