Energy Saving, Implementation of Solar Energy and Other Renewable Energy Sources for Energy Supply in Rural Areas of Russia

AbstractThe project of large-scale stage-by-stage implementation of energy systems based on solar energy and other renewable energy sources (RES) in rural settlements of Russia has been worked out. Research was made based on the analysis of regional, climatic, social, economical and technical factors, proposed complex approach to energy supply of rural buildings and predictive estimates. Priorities, sequence of actions and the values of interstage and final indicators have been defined. The issues of RES implementations and measures on energy saving over vast, mainly poorly populated, rural territories have been considered

Improving the Legal Regulation of Indirect Judicial Jurisdiction in the Eurasian Economic Union

Free cross-border circulation of court decisions is a necessary condition for successful integration. One of the main obstacles that states face in creating legal regulation in this area is the problem of the admissibility of foreign judicial jurisdiction, or, in other words, indirect judicial jurisdiction. The article discusses options for solving this problem.Aim and tasks. To propose options for improving the legal regulation of indirect judicial jurisdiction in the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods. This work uses both general scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, and specific scientific ones: formal logical, formal legal, comparative legal, and the method of legal forecasting.Results. Improving the legal regulation of indirect judicial jurisdiction in the Eurasian Economic Union is possible through the conclusion between the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union of an international treaty establishing unified criteria for direct judicial jurisdiction and conditioning the acceptability of the jurisdiction of a foreign court on compliance with these criteria. In the event that the competence of a foreign court is not based on the jurisdictional criteria contained in an international treaty, it is proposed to provide for the possibility of recognizing a foreign court decision if two conditions are met: first, there is a close connection between the court and the dispute or approval of the jurisdiction by the defendant; the second is compliance with the rules on exclusive judicial jurisdiction established in the national legislation of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.The author also proposes an option for improving the legal regulation of indirect judicial jurisdiction at the national level, both in the Russian Federation and in other member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. In particular, the option of introducing provisions on indirect judicial jurisdiction into national legislation is being considered, which would condition the acceptability of the competence of a foreign court by observing the criterion of a close connection between the dispute and the court that issued the judicial act, or the approval of its jurisdiction by the defendant, and non-contradiction with the criteria of exclusive judicial jurisdiction.Conclusions. The Eurasian Economic Union needs to create an effective mechanism for the recognition of foreign court decisions, which can be achieved, first of all, by improving the legal regulation of indirect judicial jurisdiction

Solar Installation as a Part of Noospheric Buildings

AbstractThese works are dedicated to the development of solar power installations integrated into the dome structure of a noospheric building and the central part of building that can supply electric power, heating and lighting.Noospheric buildings is as a perspective design concept for well-balanced and comfortable life in terms of energy efficiency, environmental safety, economics, bioenergetics and ergonomics. The Specific design features of such buildings provide large opportunities for implementing solar energy based power systems that make it possible to integrate solar power installations into the building structure providing an extensive variety of solar energy usage options. With this approach a high level of solar systems efficiency can be achieved.Noospheric buildings are dome-shaped, with the cladding in form of half-ellipsoid (egg) cut along the smaller symmetry axis plane, and this plane forms the building basement. The interior configuration of a building like this ensures the most energy-saving distribution of energy flows incoming from the power system of building and therefore substantially lower energy-carrier consumption rate for heating and lighting.Solar energy installations on the basis of toroidal solar concentrators and others have been described with the help of figures, diagrams and drawings

High-Efficiency Photovoltaic Equipment for Agriculture Power Supply

Developing an energy supply based on resources whose use does not spoil the noosphere and the creation of such energy supply of efficient equipment whose operation does not cause any damage to nature and man is an urgent task. The need for such an approach is especially relevant and noticeable in agriculture. This article presents the final results of complex studies of new PV devices and PV systems based on them. Considered in the article are the best solutions we propose to improve PV equipment and make it more attractive for agricultural consumers. The developed vertical and planar high-voltage multijunction silicon PV cells and PV modules on their basis are presented. The first type of modules have a maximum power point voltage of up to 1000 V, specific power of up to 0.245 ± 0.01 W/cm2, and efficiency of up to 25.3% under a concentration ratio range of 10–100 suns. The samples of the second module type (60,156.75 × 156.75 mm PV cells) have an open-circuit voltage of 439.7 V, a short-circuit current of 0.933 A, and a maximum power of 348 W. Additionally, two types of newly designed solar energy concentrators are described in this article: one-dimensional double-wing concentrator ensuring low Fresnel optical losses and multi-zone parabolotoric microconcentrator with the uniform radiation distribution in the focal region, as well as modules based on these concentrators and the developed PV cells. For PV modules, the maximum power degradation is 0.2–0.24% per year in a wet ammonia environment. For concentrating PV modules, this degradation is 0.22–0.37% per year. This article sets out the principles of increasing the efficiency of PV systems by increasing the level of systematization and expanding the boundaries of PV systems. The thus-created PV systems satisfy 30–50% more consumer needs. Thanks to a higher output voltage and other specific features of the developed modules, PV system loss decreased by 12–15%, and maintenance losses also decreased