Wireless mobile-based shopping mall car parking system (WMCPS)

The existing car parking system in Malaysia usually required the car drivers to search an empty parking space in the car park without providing detail direction toward the available parking space. As the result, drivers may waste a lot of time and unnecessary energy while they turn around in the car park without direction and may cause car traffic congestion in parking space. This paper investigates the problems of car parking system in Malaysia and finally proposed a Wireless Mobile-based Car Parking System using low cost SMS service. The implementation of SMS service into the car parking system enable drivers to receive information regarding the availability of car parking spaces. In this system, the drivers can resend SMS to request for new assignment of car parking spaces if they fail to get the previous assigned destination. This paper demonstrates the design and implementation of Wireless Mobile-based Car Parking System (WMCPS) using SMS services by Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm in finding the nearest parking space for drivers. The stimulation results reveal the intelligence of this system can efficiently allocate and utilize the car parking spaces inside the car park

Substituent Effects on the Ultraviolet Absorption Properties of 2,4-Dihydroxy Dibenzophenone

Substituent effects on the ultraviolet absorption properties of 2,4-dihydroxy dibenzophenone were investigated experimentally. Nine compounds of 2,4-dihydroxy dibenzophenone with different substituents were prepared by a solvent-free reaction of benzoyl chloride. The maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of these samples was measured, and their UV resistance properties in cotton fabric as well as in polyester were determined. The results show that the λmax is dependent on the substituents at the benzylidene ring, and both electron donating substituents and electron withdrawing substituents cause a bathochromic shift. The UV resistance of fabric increases with the increase in compound concentration. The dyeing rate of each compound on polyester was higher than that of cotton. On cotton fabric, the dyeing rate of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone was the highest, 77.8%. On polyester, that of 2,4-dihydroxy-4′-ethyl dibenzophenone was the highest, 84.1%. The study provides new insights into the effect of substituents on the properties of 2,4-dihydroxy dibenzophenone that are related to the whitening of cotton and polyester materials