Analisis Adopsi Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Berbasis Padi di Sumatera Selatan dalam Perspektif Komunikasi

Analysis of Adoption of Agricultural Technology Innovation Rice-based Farming in Sumatra inthe perspective of communications. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) South Sumatrahas produced innovative rice-based farming technology in various agroecosystem. However, adoption ratesare still relatively low. Evaluation of four assessments aimed to identify the factors that predominantly affectthe adoption of technological innovation based local-specific farming rice and to know the level of adoption.This activity is carried out in OKI, East OKU and Banyuasin regencies with 67 respondents interviewedin July-September 2007. The results of this assessment showed that the factors that influence the adoption oftechnological innovations such as the level of selective exposure of technology innovation, cosmopolite,triability, complexity of technology and agricultural extension intensity. The average adoption index for thepacket of rice cultivation technology was 50.32%. As many as 93.02% of respondents have positive perceptionsof the researcher-extension AIAT South Sumatra as the communicator in delivering information technology.Most respondents (80%) expressed a desire to obtain agricultural information generated AIAT South Sumatra.Key words: Adoption, innovation, rice, communication Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Selatan sudah menghasilkan inovasi teknologipertanian berbasis padi di berbagai agroekosistem. Namun tingkat adopsinya masih relatif rendah. Evaluasi terhadapempat pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi proses adopsiinovasi teknologi pertanian spesifik lokasi berbasis padi dan mengetahui tingkat adopsinya. Kegiatan ini dilakukan diKabupaten OKI, OKU Timur dan Banyuasin dengan mewawancarai 67 orang responden pada bulan Juli – September2007. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif diketahui bahwa (1) adopsi inovasi teknologi budidaya tanamanpadi di Sumatera Selatan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kebutuhan petani terhadap inovasi teknologi, sifat kekosmopolitanpetani, triabilitas dan kompleksitas teknologi dan intensitas pembinaan, (2) indeks adopsi inovasi petani terhadappaket teknologi budidaya padi kondisinya beragam tergantung pada jenis kegiatan, (3) petani di Sumatera Selatanumumnya memberikan apresiasi positif terhadap peneliti-penyuluh BPTP Sumatera Selatan, terlihat dari tingginyaminat petani untuk mendapatkan berbagai media informasi pertanian BPTP Sumatera Selatan, dan (4) temuankajian ini mengindikasikan faktor komunikasi memegang peran utama yang dapat mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi

First Iridium-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‑Nitroacrylates

The first highly chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of β-nitroacrylates was accomplished with an iridium catalyst (<b>Ir-4</b>) with yields and enantioselectivities of up to 96% and 98% ee, respectively. The resulting α-chiral β-nitro propionates are attractive building blocks for the synthesis of chiral β²-amino acids, which are the core scaffolds of bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, and β-peptides

Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Oxime Acetates

Rh-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of oxime acetates was first reported, which afforded a new approach for chiral amine synthesis

Rhodium-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydroaminomethylation of Styrenes with Tetraphosphorus Ligands

The highly linear-selective hydroaminomethylation of styrenes is very challenging. Herein, an efficient, highly chemoselective, and linear-selective hydroaminomethylation (l/b up to >99:1) of styrenes using Rh(nbd)₂SbF₆ with a pyrrole-based 3,3′,5,5′-substituted tetraphosphorus ligand is documented. This is in sharp contrast to other available processes leading to branched amines and provides a novel atom economic approach to 3-arylpropylamines

Cascade Synthesis of Fenpiprane and Related Pharmaceuticals via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation

A novel rhodium catalytic system with Naphos as ligand was developed for an efficient hydroaminomethylation of 1,1-diphenylethene under relatively mild conditions. This will allow for an atom-economic and environmentally benign synthesis of fenpiprane and related pharmaceuticals

Cascade Synthesis of Fenpiprane and Related Pharmaceuticals via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation

A novel rhodium catalytic system with Naphos as ligand was developed for an efficient hydroaminomethylation of 1,1-diphenylethene under relatively mild conditions. This will allow for an atom-economic and environmentally benign synthesis of fenpiprane and related pharmaceuticals

Design, Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, and Unexpected Docking Model of the First Chiral Boscalid Analogues Containing Oxazolines

Chirality greatly influences the biological and pharmacological properties of a pesticide and will contribute to unnecessary environmental loading and undesired ecological impact. No structure and activity relationship (SAR) of enantiopure succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) was documented during the structure optimization of boscalids. On the basis of commercial SDHIs, oxazoline natural products, and versatile oxazoline ligands in organic synthesis, the first effort was devoted to explore the chiral SDHIs and the preliminary mechanism thereof. Fine-tuning furnished chiral nicotinamides <b>4ag</b> as a more promising fungicidal candidate against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC₅₀ values of 0.58, 0.42, and 2.10 mg/L, respectively. <i>In vivo</i> bioassay and molecular docking were investigated to explore the potential in practical application and plausible novelty in action mechanism, respectively. The unexpected molecular docking model showed the different chiral effects on the binding site with the amino acid residues. This chiral nicotinamide also featured easy synthesis and cost-efficacy. It will provide a powerful complement to the commercial SDHI fungicides with the introduction of chirality

“Carbon Assimilation” Inspired Design and Divergent Synthesis of Drimane Meroterpenoid Mimics as Novel Fungicidal Leads

With structural diversity and versatile biological properties, drimane meroterpenoids have drawn remarkable attention in drug development. The stagnant progress made in the structure optimization and SAR study of this kind of natural product for agrochemicals was mainly a result of inefficient construction. Compared with the reported challenging coupling reaction (“1 + 1” tactic), “carbon assimilation” was conceived and used for the rapid construction of drimanyl meroterpenoid mimics, in which the newly formed covalent bond was directly from the old one of the drimanyl subunit (“2 + 0” tactic), which features atom economy, step economy, and facile preparation. The accompanying introduction of versatile heterocycles and application of easily available feedstocks are beneficial for novel green agrochemical discovery, in view of economic efficiency and improvement of physicochemical properities. Heterocyclic mimics <b>3a</b> and <b>3c</b> are presented as potent fungicidal leads with novel skeletons against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, >25-fold and >40-fold more promising than the commercial fungicide carbendazim, respectively. Our design was also rationalized by the 6-step synthesis and antifungal assay of the original model of natural meroterpenoids. This tactic can also be fostered or transferred directly to the design of novel natural product mimics for medicinal chemistry or other related biological exploration

Bioactivity-Guided Subtraction of MIQOX for Easily Available Isoquinoline Hydrazides as Novel Antifungal Candidates

The discovery of novel and easily available leads provides a convincing solution to agrochemical innovation. A bioassay-guided scaffold subtraction of the previous “Chem-Bio Model” isoquinoline-3-oxazoline MIQOX was conducted for identifying the easily available isoquinoline-3-hydrazide as a novel antifungal scaffold. The special and practical potential of this model was demonstrated by a phenotypic antifungal bioassay, molecular docking, and cross-resistance evaluation. A panel of antifungal leads (LW2, LW3, and LW11) was acquired, showing much better antifungal performance than the positive controls. Specifically, compound LW3 exhibited a broad antifungal spectrum holding EC50 values as low as 0.54, 0.09, 1.52, and 2.65 mg/L against B. cinerea, R. solani, S. sclerotiorum , and F. graminearum, respectively. It demonstrated a curative efficacy better than that of boscalid in controlling the plant disease caused by B. cinerea. The candidate LW3 did not show cross-resistance to the extensively used succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and can efficiently inhibit resistant B. cinerea strains. The molecular docking of compound LW3 is quite different from that of the positive controls boscalid and fluopyram. This progress highlights the practicality of isoquinoline hydrazide as a novel model in fungicide innovation