Analisis Adopsi Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian Berbasis Padi di Sumatera Selatan dalam Perspektif Komunikasi

Analysis of Adoption of Agricultural Technology Innovation Rice-based Farming in Sumatra inthe perspective of communications. Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) South Sumatrahas produced innovative rice-based farming technology in various agroecosystem. However, adoption ratesare still relatively low. Evaluation of four assessments aimed to identify the factors that predominantly affectthe adoption of technological innovation based local-specific farming rice and to know the level of adoption.This activity is carried out in OKI, East OKU and Banyuasin regencies with 67 respondents interviewedin July-September 2007. The results of this assessment showed that the factors that influence the adoption oftechnological innovations such as the level of selective exposure of technology innovation, cosmopolite,triability, complexity of technology and agricultural extension intensity. The average adoption index for thepacket of rice cultivation technology was 50.32%. As many as 93.02% of respondents have positive perceptionsof the researcher-extension AIAT South Sumatra as the communicator in delivering information technology.Most respondents (80%) expressed a desire to obtain agricultural information generated AIAT South Sumatra.Key words: Adoption, innovation, rice, communication Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Selatan sudah menghasilkan inovasi teknologipertanian berbasis padi di berbagai agroekosistem. Namun tingkat adopsinya masih relatif rendah. Evaluasi terhadapempat pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi proses adopsiinovasi teknologi pertanian spesifik lokasi berbasis padi dan mengetahui tingkat adopsinya. Kegiatan ini dilakukan diKabupaten OKI, OKU Timur dan Banyuasin dengan mewawancarai 67 orang responden pada bulan Juli – September2007. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif diketahui bahwa (1) adopsi inovasi teknologi budidaya tanamanpadi di Sumatera Selatan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kebutuhan petani terhadap inovasi teknologi, sifat kekosmopolitanpetani, triabilitas dan kompleksitas teknologi dan intensitas pembinaan, (2) indeks adopsi inovasi petani terhadappaket teknologi budidaya padi kondisinya beragam tergantung pada jenis kegiatan, (3) petani di Sumatera Selatanumumnya memberikan apresiasi positif terhadap peneliti-penyuluh BPTP Sumatera Selatan, terlihat dari tingginyaminat petani untuk mendapatkan berbagai media informasi pertanian BPTP Sumatera Selatan, dan (4) temuankajian ini mengindikasikan faktor komunikasi memegang peran utama yang dapat mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi

First Iridium-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‑Nitroacrylates

The first highly chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of β-nitroacrylates was accomplished with an iridium catalyst (<b>Ir-4</b>) with yields and enantioselectivities of up to 96% and 98% ee, respectively. The resulting α-chiral β-nitro propionates are attractive building blocks for the synthesis of chiral β²-amino acids, which are the core scaffolds of bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, and β-peptides

Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Oxime Acetates

Rh-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of oxime acetates was first reported, which afforded a new approach for chiral amine synthesis

Design and Discovery of α‑Oximido-arylacetamides as Novel Antifungal Leads

The discovery of novel and easily accessible antifungal compounds is an imperative issue in agrochemical innovation. Our continuing research with the o-aminophenyloxazoline (NHPhOx) scaffold demonstrated the viability of introducing phenylacetamides for identifying novel antifungal leads. An antifungal function-oriented molecular evaluation was conducted for the previously identified lead R-LE008. Fine-tuning of the α-position and scaffold hopping of acid segment and NHPhOx enables α-oximido-arylacetamide as a novel antifungal model. The concomitant function-oriented diversification produces a panel of antifungal leads CN19, CN21b, CN28, and CN31 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. The crucial and multidimensional effect of the configuration of the acquired amides on the antifungal performance is demonstrated specifically by the separable CN21 isomers. The Z-isomer (CN21b), with an EC50 value of 0.97 μM against B. cinerea, is significantly more potent than its E-isomer (CN21a) and the positive control boscalid. More importantly, compound CN21b can efficiently inhibit resistant B. cinerea strains. CN21b demonstrates a better in vivo preventative effect (82.1%) than those of CN21a (48.1%) and boscalid (55.1%) at 100 μM. CN21b showed a distinct binding model from those of the boscalid and CN21a in the molecular docking simulation. A further morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the different mycelia shrinkage of B. cinerea treated by CN21 isomers. The easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness demonstrated the practical potential of α-oximido-phenylacetamide containing NHPhOx as a new model for agrochemical innovation

Design and Discovery of α‑Oximido-arylacetamides as Novel Antifungal Leads

The discovery of novel and easily accessible antifungal compounds is an imperative issue in agrochemical innovation. Our continuing research with the o-aminophenyloxazoline (NHPhOx) scaffold demonstrated the viability of introducing phenylacetamides for identifying novel antifungal leads. An antifungal function-oriented molecular evaluation was conducted for the previously identified lead R-LE008. Fine-tuning of the α-position and scaffold hopping of acid segment and NHPhOx enables α-oximido-arylacetamide as a novel antifungal model. The concomitant function-oriented diversification produces a panel of antifungal leads CN19, CN21b, CN28, and CN31 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. The crucial and multidimensional effect of the configuration of the acquired amides on the antifungal performance is demonstrated specifically by the separable CN21 isomers. The Z-isomer (CN21b), with an EC50 value of 0.97 μM against B. cinerea, is significantly more potent than its E-isomer (CN21a) and the positive control boscalid. More importantly, compound CN21b can efficiently inhibit resistant B. cinerea strains. CN21b demonstrates a better in vivo preventative effect (82.1%) than those of CN21a (48.1%) and boscalid (55.1%) at 100 μM. CN21b showed a distinct binding model from those of the boscalid and CN21a in the molecular docking simulation. A further morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the different mycelia shrinkage of B. cinerea treated by CN21 isomers. The easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness demonstrated the practical potential of α-oximido-phenylacetamide containing NHPhOx as a new model for agrochemical innovation

Design and Discovery of α‑Oximido-arylacetamides as Novel Antifungal Leads

The discovery of novel and easily accessible antifungal compounds is an imperative issue in agrochemical innovation. Our continuing research with the o-aminophenyloxazoline (NHPhOx) scaffold demonstrated the viability of introducing phenylacetamides for identifying novel antifungal leads. An antifungal function-oriented molecular evaluation was conducted for the previously identified lead R-LE008. Fine-tuning of the α-position and scaffold hopping of acid segment and NHPhOx enables α-oximido-arylacetamide as a novel antifungal model. The concomitant function-oriented diversification produces a panel of antifungal leads CN19, CN21b, CN28, and CN31 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. The crucial and multidimensional effect of the configuration of the acquired amides on the antifungal performance is demonstrated specifically by the separable CN21 isomers. The Z-isomer (CN21b), with an EC50 value of 0.97 μM against B. cinerea, is significantly more potent than its E-isomer (CN21a) and the positive control boscalid. More importantly, compound CN21b can efficiently inhibit resistant B. cinerea strains. CN21b demonstrates a better in vivo preventative effect (82.1%) than those of CN21a (48.1%) and boscalid (55.1%) at 100 μM. CN21b showed a distinct binding model from those of the boscalid and CN21a in the molecular docking simulation. A further morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the different mycelia shrinkage of B. cinerea treated by CN21 isomers. The easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness demonstrated the practical potential of α-oximido-phenylacetamide containing NHPhOx as a new model for agrochemical innovation

Design and Discovery of α‑Oximido-arylacetamides as Novel Antifungal Leads

The discovery of novel and easily accessible antifungal compounds is an imperative issue in agrochemical innovation. Our continuing research with the o-aminophenyloxazoline (NHPhOx) scaffold demonstrated the viability of introducing phenylacetamides for identifying novel antifungal leads. An antifungal function-oriented molecular evaluation was conducted for the previously identified lead R-LE008. Fine-tuning of the α-position and scaffold hopping of acid segment and NHPhOx enables α-oximido-arylacetamide as a novel antifungal model. The concomitant function-oriented diversification produces a panel of antifungal leads CN19, CN21b, CN28, and CN31 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. The crucial and multidimensional effect of the configuration of the acquired amides on the antifungal performance is demonstrated specifically by the separable CN21 isomers. The Z-isomer (CN21b), with an EC50 value of 0.97 μM against B. cinerea, is significantly more potent than its E-isomer (CN21a) and the positive control boscalid. More importantly, compound CN21b can efficiently inhibit resistant B. cinerea strains. CN21b demonstrates a better in vivo preventative effect (82.1%) than those of CN21a (48.1%) and boscalid (55.1%) at 100 μM. CN21b showed a distinct binding model from those of the boscalid and CN21a in the molecular docking simulation. A further morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the different mycelia shrinkage of B. cinerea treated by CN21 isomers. The easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness demonstrated the practical potential of α-oximido-phenylacetamide containing NHPhOx as a new model for agrochemical innovation

Rhodium-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydroaminomethylation of Styrenes with Tetraphosphorus Ligands

The highly linear-selective hydroaminomethylation of styrenes is very challenging. Herein, an efficient, highly chemoselective, and linear-selective hydroaminomethylation (l/b up to >99:1) of styrenes using Rh(nbd)₂SbF₆ with a pyrrole-based 3,3′,5,5′-substituted tetraphosphorus ligand is documented. This is in sharp contrast to other available processes leading to branched amines and provides a novel atom economic approach to 3-arylpropylamines

Cascade Synthesis of Fenpiprane and Related Pharmaceuticals via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation

A novel rhodium catalytic system with Naphos as ligand was developed for an efficient hydroaminomethylation of 1,1-diphenylethene under relatively mild conditions. This will allow for an atom-economic and environmentally benign synthesis of fenpiprane and related pharmaceuticals

Cascade Synthesis of Fenpiprane and Related Pharmaceuticals via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation

A novel rhodium catalytic system with Naphos as ligand was developed for an efficient hydroaminomethylation of 1,1-diphenylethene under relatively mild conditions. This will allow for an atom-economic and environmentally benign synthesis of fenpiprane and related pharmaceuticals