Why Shared Bikes of Free-Floating Systems Were Parked Out of Order? A Preliminary Study based on Factor Analysis

Free-floating bicycle-sharing systems are an important component of sustainable transport. China&rsquo s bicycle-sharing schemes have experienced ups and downs in the past three years, and there are a lot of related studies, but there are relatively few studies on the causes of disorderly parking of shared bikes. In this study, an open questionnaire is used to widely collect the causes of the disorderly parking of shared bicycles from users. Through factor analysis, six factors and 32 criteria for the causes of disorderly parking are constructed. Factor 1 &lsquo supervision and management of enterprises&rsquo factor 2 &lsquo supervision and management of users&rsquo factor 3 &lsquo parking space&rsquo factor 4 &lsquo guidance of parking shared bikes&rsquo factor 5 &lsquo user self-discipline&rsquo factor 6 &lsquo operation and maintenance&rsquo . It requires the cooperation of multiple parties to solve the problem of disorderly parking of shared bicycles. Document type: Articl

The Evolution of Population III and Extremely Metal-Poor Binary Stars

Numerical simulations have now shown that Population III (Pop III) stars can form in binaries and small clusters and that these stars can be in close proximity to each other. If so, they could be subject to binary interactions such as mass exchange that could profoundly alter their evolution, ionizing UV and Lyman-Werner (LW) photon emission and explosion yields, with important consequences for early cosmological reionization and chemical enrichment. Here we investigate the evolution of Pop III and extremely metal-poor binary stars with the MESA code. We find that interactions ranging from stable mass transfer to common envelope evolution can occur in these binaries for a wide range of mass ratios and initial separations. Mass transfer can nearly double UV photon yields in some of these binaries with respect to their individual stars by extending the life of the companion star, which in turn can enhance early cosmological reionization but also suppress the formation of later generations of primordial stars. Binary interactions can also have large effects on the nucleosynthetic yields of the stars by promoting or removing them into or out of mass ranges for specific SN types. We provide fits to total photon yields for the binaries in our study for use in cosmological simulations

民宿旅客住宿型態偏好之研究

The purpose of this study was to explore the repurchase visitors' accommodation preferences for B&B industry. Through this study, it was expected that customer relationship management suggestions help B&B manages achieve the objectives of sustainable development. The questionnaires were distributed to the visitors who have been stayed in B&B over 2 nights or more in Taiwan. The study used mail questionnaire survey method to collect the required data. Results of this study demonstrated that repurchase visitors had the highest preference for ''cordial and sincere greeting from B&B hosts'' and ''pleasing environment'', while ''the luxurious equipments'' was rated as the least important ones. Furthermore, the socio-economic background of repurchase visitors with different characteristics had different preferences of selecting the accommodation demand.本研究之目的乃在探討民宿重宿旅客住宿特性與住宿型態偏好之研究，冀藉由木研究能對民宿業者於旅客關係管理提出建議，以達到民宿長久經營之目標。本研究採郵寄問卷之方式，針對國內合法民宿重宿旅客進行研究。研究結果發現，民宿重宿旅客之偏好認同度最高者為「親切樸實的熱情招待」及「賞心悅目的環境景觀」;住宿型態偏好認同度最低則為「多樣齊備的附屬設施」及「豪華享受的客房設備」，且民宿旅客特性不同對於住宿型態之偏好也會有所差異

影響台灣佛寺庭園景觀特質之因素研究

In order to understand the landscape characteristics of Taiwan Buddhism Temple Garden, the study explores the type, function, symbol and design factors of landscape elements in Taiwan's Buddhism Temple Garden. To achieve research objectives, the study uses questionnaire survey. Variable included in the questionnaire are generated from the related references of Chinese and Japanese garden. The study uses frequency and chi-square test to analyze the result. The conclusions of the study are described as follows: 1. The most important landscape element is the lotus pool, followed by fountain, rock mountain and the Buddhist statue. 2. The major function of landscape elements are to embellish the landscape, symbolize the religion and imitate the nature. 3. The environment, transportation, topography, square measure and the function of the garden are the important factors in Buddhism Temple Garden design.本研究之主要目的為探討構成台灣佛寺庭園的景觀元素之類型、功能與象徵意涵，以及影響台灣佛寺庭園設計的因素，以瞭解台灣佛寺庭寺的景觀特質。由於日本佛教以及中國佛教影響台灣的佛教至深，因此本研究首先彙整中國與日本庭園的相關文獻，以作為問巻的方式進行調查。本研究以頻度統計進行結果的描述，以卡方考驗分析進行假設的檢定。經由分析的結果，本研究得到的結論如下： 1.構成台灣佛寺庭園的景觀元素最多的是蓮花池，其次是噴泉、疊石假山以及佛像或神像。 2.構成台灣佛寺庭園的景觀元素主要具有豐富美化園景的功能、宗教象徵以及模擬自然的象徵意涵。 3.佛寺所在位置的周圍環境、交通、地形、庭園的功能與面積，為影響台灣佛寺庭園設計的重要因素

應用音樂的共感覺概念於景觀路徑設計之研究

The major purpose of this study was to apply the synesthesia concept to test if there were significant correlations between emotion experiences generated from both visual design and audio design. For the part of audio design, the study adopted four different musical rhythms which represented different emotion experiences such as happy, calm, sad, and fear. For the part of visual design, the study transformed the same musical rhythms into different landscape paths which also represented four emotion experiences mention above. The study employed 3D animated computer simulation technique to develop the required stimuli for the survey. The results showed that most of emotion experiences between visual design and audio design were significant correlated. In terms of audio design, respondents clearly perceived different emotion experiences in different musical rhythms. The same is true for visual design except the emotion experience of sad. The study suggested that landscape path with dramatic landform change matching up with strong musical tempo will create the image of happy rhythm, while landscape path with slow visual motion landform and upward slope landform will generate the image of calm rhythm. However, the landscape path with dramatic landform change matching up with weak musical tempo will show the image of fear rhythm.本研究嘗試將不同音樂情緒的樂章，應用「共感覺」的概念類比成景觀的路徑，著手進行受測者聽覺與視覺感受的情緒研究，以探討不同藝術間美感的關連性。為創造「快樂的」、「平靜的」、「悲傷的」與「恐懼的」等四種不同的音樂情緒體驗，應用3D動畫模擬技術將不同音樂類型的樂譜塑造成景觀路徑。經實證分析結果顯示: 1、受測者於不同類型的音樂聽覺忠所感受的四類情緒體驗接有顯著的差異。 2、受測者於不同類型的路徑聽覺忠所感受到的「快樂的」、「平靜的」、「悲傷的」與「恐懼的」情緒體驗有顯著的差異。 3、音樂聽覺與路徑視覺之情緒體驗多數達顯著相關。 4、個人特質變項不同，在音樂與路徑的情緒感受程度上部分有顯著差異。本研究對景觀路徑之音樂意向的營造設計提出以下建議: 1、「節奏性強地型變化大」的地形，可帶來快樂韻律的意象。 2、「視覺移動緩慢」與「仰角波向」的地型，可帶來平靜韻律的意象。 3、「節奏性弱地型變化大」的地型可帶來恐懼韻律的意象

遊客對生態旅遊經營管理策略之認同度研究以雪霸國家公園為例

本研究之目的乃在探討參訪國家公園的遊客對生態旅遊經營管理策略之看法，冀藉由本研究能對國家公園提出生態旅遊經營管理上之建議，以期達永續發展之目標。並利用生態旅遊行為量表，將參訪遊客分群為「偏屬生態旅遊遊客」，「偏屬大眾旅遊遊客」 「潛在生態旅遊遊客」，進而探討三者之間對生態旅遊經營管理策略認同度之差異。本研究以雪霸國家公園作為研究範圍，以現地問卷調查獲取所需資料。研究結果發現，雪霸國家公園觀霧遊憩區遊客以「偏屬潛在生態旅遊遊客」為多，且對生態旅遊經營管理策略之認同度具有差異，多數差異存在「偏屬生態旅遊者」與「偏屬大眾旅遊者」以及「偏屬潛在生態旅遊者」之間。The purpose of this study was to explore the visitors'agreement level of management strategies for ecotourism in national forest recreation area.Through this study,it was expected that suggestions for ecotourism management in national parks would be proposed to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. The site of this study was Shei-Pa National Park. Thestudy used questionnaire survey method to collect the required data.The survey used the statements about ecotourism-related behavior preferences to segment visitors into three different cluster named‘ecotourist type',‘mass tourist type',and‘potential ecoturist type'.Then the study discussed the differences in the agreement level and the management strategies of the ecotourism.The results of analysis suggested that most of the visitors in Shei-Pa National Park were categorized into the ‘potential ecotourist type',and there were singnificant differences in agreement level of ecotourism is management strategies among the visitors with different tendency type of ecotourism-related behavior

中國園林景觀元素之景觀認知與情緒體驗之研究

本研究之主要目的乃是探討觀賞者對中國園林景觀元素之景觀認知與情緒體驗之關係。本研究是以至善園進行實證研究，利用心理感知問卷調查以了解視覺景觀特徵(造型、線條、色彩、質感、尺度)，並針對一致性、易辨性、複雜性、神祕性、自然性、開闊性、美質性、焦點性、熟悉度等9項景觀認知，以及輕鬆舒暢、欣喜熱鬧、陰沉孤獨、平靜自在等4項情緒體驗進行評估。 經由方便性取樣方法，本研究獲得126份有效問卷。資料分析方法採描述性統計、重複量測變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、以及典型相關進行分析。經由分析結果得到主要的結論為:1.觀賞者在觀賞不同中國園林景觀元素時，景觀認知與情緒體驗皆會因景觀元素不同而有差異 2.觀賞者對中國園林景觀元素之景觀認知與情緒體驗雙項間多呈顯著的相關性。The major purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship of landscape elements in Chinese garden on landscape cognition and emotional experience from observers' point of view. The study selected Chin-Shan Yuan as an empirical research site. Questionnaire survey was emplyed to explore the relationships between visual attention and landscape visual characteristics (e.g., form, line , color, texture, scale), and to evaluate nine variables of landscape cognition and four variables of emotional experience. Through convenient sampling method, the study obtained 126 valid questionnaires. The study used descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and canonical correlation analysis to analyze the research results. Based on the findings, two conclusions were drawn as followings: 1. there were significant differences for landscape cognition and emotional experiences when viewing different landscape elements in Chinese garden, 2. there were significant correlations between landscape cognition and emotional experience in most of landscape elements

中央分隔帶灌木植栽抗撞能力之研究

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the suitability of the shrubs planted on median strip by their physical safety. The study utilized the total impact resistance, impact strength of branch and density of branch by life crash test and develpoed the regression equation. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results were summarized as followings: 1. Among five shrubs, the total impact resistance from high to low was Murraya paniculata, Juniperus chinensis var. Kaizuka, Ficus microcarpa cv. 'Golden Leaves', Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Rhododendron hybrida. 2. The branch density and branch impact strength could influence the total impact resistance of shrubs. The branch density was more influential than the branch impact strength could influence the total impact resistance of shrubs. The branch density was more influential than the branch impact strngth.本研究之主要目的是以民眾所重視的「實質安全性」來探討道路中央分隔帶內灌木植栽的適宜程度。藉由實物撞擊實驗來探討道路分隔帶植栽之「枝條衝擊強度」、「枝條密度」等特質對於「整體抗撞能力」的影響，並發展相關之迴歸方程式。研究中採用敘述性統計、相關分析以及複迴歸分析等統計方法，進行結果的描述及假設的檢定，經過統計分析後可得到以下研究結果: 1.在五種植栽中，整體抗撞能力由高至低依次為:月橘、龍柏、黃金榕、朱槿、 杜鵑。 2.五種植栽之「枝條密度」、「枝條衝擊強度」兩項與「整體之抗撞能力」皆呈顯 著相關，且枝條密度的相關性大於枝條街擊強度

Discussing the conceptual framework of cultural landscape in Taiwan

This study aims to develop a measureable tool to identify the feature of Taiwan cultural landscape. In-depth interviews from ten scholars were first conducted to design a questionnaire which contained a seven-dimension measurement model of identifying cultural landscape, and then 808 local participants were asked to response this questionnaire for gathering the quantitative data in four cultural significant sites. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to confirm the structure of the supposed measurement model from the questionnaire data. The result of factor analysis showed that the confirmed measurement model was less complicated than the supposed measurement model. The cultural feature dimension of cultural landscape was composed of three factors which are environment element, human evidence and traditional custom. And the place meaning dimension of cultural landscape contained cultural atmosphere, life dependence and affective identity. This finding revealed the evidence that local participants’ perception to the feature of cultural landscape was very different from experts’ understanding of the composition of cultural landscape in Taiwan. It also hints the difficulty of conservation for cultural landscape was local people’s disregards to their cultural landscape since these features didn’t have any physical connection with local people’s daily life. This study build a 16-item scale measuring cultural landscape from the perspective of local people in Taiwan, which provide practitioners a reliable and valid analytical tool to assess cultural landscape. And it also offered government agencies a useful foundation to make conservation strategies with local people for cultural landscape

金門地區居民對觀光發展衝擊認知之研究

本研究主要目的是探討金門居民對觀光發展在當地所造成的經濟、社會文化和環境衝擊之認知，並比較不同屬性居民(即一般居民和與觀光政策較相關的居民團體)對發展觀光之認知與態度是否有差異。 本研究經抽樣後，得有效樣本共600份，一般居民為542份，而特殊居民為58份，經統計分析結果獲得主要結論如下: l.一般居民和特殊居民皆贊同金門發展觀光事業，不過在社會文化和環境方面的 負面衝擊之認知上卻有些許差異。 2.居民社經背景不同，其對觀光發展之態度並沒有顯著差異。 經由本研究可以發現不同屬性居民對觀光發展之態度仍有部份呈現 差異，因此，政策執行面是否有充分落實仍需加以檢討，如此才不會出現太大的差異情形。The purpose of this study were to discuss residents' perception of tourism impacts in Kim-Men, and to compare differences of perception and attitude toward tourism development between general residents and special residents related to tourism policy making and execution. Through sampling, the study obtained 600 valid samples in total, including 542 general residents and 58 special residents. Using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and factor analysis, the study results were summarized as follows: 1. General residents and special residents all agreed to develop tourism in Kim-Men. However, three existed few differences of perception in social-cultural and environmental impacts. The study results also indicated that there was no significant difference of attitude in tourism development among residents with different socio-economic background characteristics