179 research outputs found
Efficient Cross-Task Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot Conversational Emotion Recognition
Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) has been widely studied due to its
importance in developing emotion-aware empathetic machines. The rise of
pre-trained language models (PLMs) has further pushed the limit of ERC
performance. However, most recent works on ERC using PLMs are heavily
data-driven, and requires fine-tuning the entire PLMs. To improve both sample
and computational efficiency, we propose a derivative-free optimization method
called Cross-Task Prompt Tuning (CTPT) for few-shot conversational emotion
recognition. Unlike existing methods that learn independent knowledge from
individual tasks, CTPT leverages sharable cross-task knowledge by exploiting
external knowledge from other source tasks to improve learning performance
under the few-shot setting. Moreover, CTPT only needs to optimize a vector
under the low intrinsic dimensionality without gradient, which is highly
parameter-efficient compared with existing approaches. Experiments on five
different contextual conversation datasets demonstrate that our CTPT method has
superior results on both few-shot scenarios and zero-shot transfers.Comment: Findings of EMNLP 202
Experimental Study on P-V diagram and motion curve of suction and discharge valve in reciprocating compressor
In this paper, through the establishment of the experiment test platform, the synchronous test of crankshaft rotation angle, cylinder pressure and valve motion of reciprocating refrigeration compressor is realized. And the factors affecting the performance of reciprocating refrigeration compressor and the performance of compressor are studied. The rotary encoder is used for monitoring transient pressure variation of suction and discharge valve port and internal cylinder during compressor running. And it can measure precisely the displacement of valve movement by optical fiber sensor. Through the study analysis on P-V diagrams under different conditions, compressor suction and discharge process of work and work loss are given to present relation between work and the refrigeration compressor condensing temperature. And also analyzing suction and discharge valve movement curve is to study the delay phenomenon while valve opening and closing, and present the most optimal proposal for valve plate structure design
Capturing Popularity Trends: A Simplistic Non-Personalized Approach for Enhanced Item Recommendation
Recommender systems have been gaining increasing research attention over the
years. Most existing recommendation methods focus on capturing users'
personalized preferences through historical user-item interactions, which may
potentially violate user privacy. Additionally, these approaches often overlook
the significance of the temporal fluctuation in item popularity that can sway
users' decision-making. To bridge this gap, we propose Popularity-Aware
Recommender (PARE), which makes non-personalized recommendations by predicting
the items that will attain the highest popularity. PARE consists of four
modules, each focusing on a different aspect: popularity history, temporal
impact, periodic impact, and side information. Finally, an attention layer is
leveraged to fuse the outputs of four modules. To our knowledge, this is the
first work to explicitly model item popularity in recommendation systems.
Extensive experiments show that PARE performs on par or even better than
sophisticated state-of-the-art recommendation methods. Since PARE prioritizes
item popularity over personalized user preferences, it can enhance existing
recommendation methods as a complementary component. Our experiments
demonstrate that integrating PARE with existing recommendation methods
significantly surpasses the performance of standalone models, highlighting
PARE's potential as a complement to existing recommendation methods.
Furthermore, the simplicity of PARE makes it immensely practical for industrial
applications and a valuable baseline for future research.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Are ID Embeddings Necessary? Whitening Pre-trained Text Embeddings for Effective Sequential Recommendation
Recent sequential recommendation models have combined pre-trained text
embeddings of items with item ID embeddings to achieve superior recommendation
performance. Despite their effectiveness, the expressive power of text features
in these models remains largely unexplored. While most existing models
emphasize the importance of ID embeddings in recommendations, our study takes a
step further by studying sequential recommendation models that only rely on
text features and do not necessitate ID embeddings. Upon examining pretrained
text embeddings experimentally, we discover that they reside in an anisotropic
semantic space, with an average cosine similarity of over 0.8 between items. We
also demonstrate that this anisotropic nature hinders recommendation models
from effectively differentiating between item representations and leads to
degenerated performance. To address this issue, we propose to employ a
pre-processing step known as whitening transformation, which transforms the
anisotropic text feature distribution into an isotropic Gaussian distribution.
Our experiments show that whitening pre-trained text embeddings in the
sequential model can significantly improve recommendation performance. However,
the full whitening operation might break the potential manifold of items with
similar text semantics. To preserve the original semantics while benefiting
from the isotropy of the whitened text features, we introduce WhitenRec+, an
ensemble approach that leverages both fully whitened and relaxed whitened item
representations for effective recommendations. We further discuss and analyze
the benefits of our design through experiments and proofs. Experimental results
on three public benchmark datasets demonstrate that WhitenRec+ outperforms
state-of-the-art methods for sequential recommendation
Fusarium Graminearum Growth Inhibition Due to Glucose Starvation Caused by Osthol
The effects of osthol, a plant coumarin, on morphology, sugar uptake and cell wall components of Fusarium graminearum were examined in vitro by electron microscopy,14C-labelling and enzyme activity detection. The results revealed that osthol could inhibit the hypha growth of F. graminearum by decreasing hyphal absorption to reducing sugar. After treatment with 100 μg·mL−1 osthol for 24 h, many hyphal fragments of F. graminearum appeared. Microscopy observation showed that the cell walls of hyphal fragments blurred and the organelles of the cells degraded with the increasing vacuoles. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine contents and chitinase activity both increased when hypha were treated with 100 μg·mL−1 osthol, whereas the activity of β-1,6-glucanase remained unchanged. When F. graminearum fed with 14C glucose was treated with 100 μg·mL−1osthol, glucose contents decreased to the lowest level, while the contents in non-osthol treated controls remained unchanged. These results suggested that chitinase activity might be related to glucose starvation under osthol treatment, and that the appearance of hyphae fragments maybe the results of the promoted chitinase activity which itself triggered chitin degradation
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