Identification and analysis of phosphorylation status of proteins in dormant terminal buds of poplar

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although there has been considerable progress made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of bud dormancy, the roles of protein phosphorylation in the process of dormancy regulation in woody plants remain unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We used mass spectrometry combined with TiO₂phosphopeptide-enrichment strategies to investigate the phosphoproteome of dormant terminal buds (DTBs) in poplar (<it>Populus simonii × P. nigra</it>). There were 161 unique phosphorylated sites in 161 phosphopeptides from 151 proteins; 141 proteins have orthologs in <it>Arabidopsis</it>, and 10 proteins are unique to poplar. Only 34 sites in proteins in poplar did not match well with the equivalent phosphorylation sites of their orthologs in <it>Arabidopsis</it>, indicating that regulatory mechanisms are well conserved between poplar and <it>Arabidopsis</it>. Further functional classifications showed that most of these phosphoproteins were involved in binding and catalytic activity. Extraction of the phosphorylation motif using Motif-X indicated that proline-directed kinases are a major kinase group involved in protein phosphorylation in dormant poplar tissues.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provides evidence about the significance of protein phosphorylation during dormancy, and will be useful for similar studies on other woody plants.</p

Seroepidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis E virus in western Yunnan Province

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the seroepidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in western Yunnan Province.MethodsQuestionnaire survey was conducted among 1638 residents in western Yunnan Province using stratified sampling method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum anti-HEV IgG and IgM. HEV RNA was extracted from patients with serum anti-HEV IgM positive. The open reading flame 2 (ORF2) of HEV that was amplified by nested RT-PCR was sequenced and compared with standard HEV genotypes 1-4.ResultsSerum anti-HEV positive was found in 13.92% (228/1638) residents. The HEV infection rate in males was significantly higher than that in females with a ratio of 1.47 (P<0.01). 20-30 and 30-40 years old young men showed the highest incidence, 20.57% and 20.78%, respectively. While 10-20 and 20-30 years old young women exhibited the highest infection rate, 11.85% and 15.60%, respectively. According to occupation, the highest HEV infection rate was observed in farmers (20.35%) and migrants (16.50%). We isolated 10 individual HEV isolates from 31 patients with serum anti-HEV IgM positive. Homology analysis and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these 10 HEV isolates belonged to HEV genotype 4 with the homology of 78.65%-94.71%.ConclusionsThe HEV infection rate is high in western Yunnan Province. HEV genotype 4 is the leading cause of HEV infection and young farmers and migrants are the main infected population

1-Butyl-3-(1-naphthyl­meth­yl)benzimidazolium hemi{di-μ-iodido-bis­[diiodidomercurate(II)]} dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate

In the title compound, (C22H23N2)[Hg2I6]0.5·(CH3)2SO, the 1-butyl-3-(1-naphthyl­meth­yl)benzimidazolium anion lies across a centre of inversion. The dihedral angle between the benzimidazolium and naphthalene ring systems is 81.9 (3)°. In the crystal structure, π–π stacking inter­actions are observed between the imidazolium ring and the unsubstituted benzene ring of the naphthalene ring system, with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.510 (5) Å. In the centrosymmetric anion, the Hg(II) atoms are in a distorted tetrahedral coordination. The dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mol­ecule is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.615 (9) and 0.385 (9)

4,4′-{[4-(2,2′:6′,2′′-Terpyridin-4′-yl)phen­yl]imino}­dibenzaldehyde

The central pyridine ring of the 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine fragment of the title compound, C35H24N4O2, forms dihedral angles of 8.3 (2), 10.6 (3) and 39.4 (3)°, respectively, with the two outer pyridine rings and the attached benzene ring. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into chains in [010]