2,753 research outputs found
Group Size and Social Conflict in Complex Societies
Conflicts of interest over resources or reproduction among individuals in a social group have long been considered to result in automatic and universal costs to group living. However, exploring how social conflict varies with group size has produced mixed empirical results. Here we develop a model that generates alternative predictions for how social conflict should vary with group size depending on the type of benefits gained from being in a social group. We show that a positive relationship between social conflict and group size is favored when groups form primarily for the benefits of sociality but not when groups form mainly for accessing group-defended resources. Thus, increased social conflict in animal societies should not be viewed as an automatic cost of larger social groups. Instead, studying the relationship between social conflict and the types of grouping benefits will be crucial for understanding the evolution of complex societies
Dissonance in harmony: The UV/optical periodic outbursts of ASASSN-14ko exhibit repeated bumps and rebrightenings
ASASSN-14ko was identified as an abnormal periodic nuclear transient with a
potential decreasing period. Its outbursts in the optical and UV bands have
displayed a consistent and smooth "fast-rise and slow-decay" pattern since its
discovery, which has recently experienced an unexpected alteration in the last
two epochs, as revealed by our proposed high-cadence Swift observations. The
new light curve profiles show a bump during the rising stages and a
rebrightening during the declining stages, making them much broader and
symmetrical than the previous ones. In the last two epochs, there is no
significant difference in the X-ray spectral slope compared to the previous
one, and its overall luminosity is lower than those of the previous epochs. The
energy released in the early bump and rebrightening phases ( erg)
could be due to collision of the stripped stream from partial tidal disruption
events (pTDEs) with an expanded accretion disk. We also discussed other
potential explanations, such as disk instability and star-disk collisions.
Further high-cadence multi-wavelength observations of subsequent cycles are
encouraged to comprehend the unique periodic source with its new intriguing
features.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL, 10 pages, 6 figure
Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis at 7-Day of Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction
Objectives 
This study is to investigate the angiogenesis and vasculogenesis at the first week of reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods 
16 of mini-swines (20 to 30 Kg) were randomly assigned to the sham-operated group and the AMI group. The acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion model was created and the pig tail catheter was performed to monitor hemodynamics before left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, 90 min of LAD occlusion and 120 min of LAD reperfusion. Pathologic myocardial tissue was collected at 7-day of LAD reperfusion and further assessed by immunochemistry, dual immunochemistry, in-situ hybridization, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. 
Results 
The infarcted area had higher FLK1 mRNA expression than sham-operated area and the normal area (all P<0.05), and the infarcted and marginal areas showed higher CD146 protein expression than the sham-operated area (all P<0.05), but the microvessel density (CD31 positive expression of microvessels/HP) was not significantly different between the infarcted area and the sham-operated area (8.92±3.05 vs 6.43±1.54) at 7-day of reperfused acute myocardial infarction (P>0.05). 
Conclusions 
FLK1 and CD146 expression significantly increase in the infarcted and marginal areas, and the microvessel density is not significantly different between the infarcted area and the sham-operated area, suggesting that angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the infarcted area appear to high frequency of increase in 7-day of reperfused myocardial infarction. 

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Reproductive conflict and the costs of social status in cooperatively breeding vertebrates
Conflict over reproduction is an inherent part of group living. In many social vertebrates, conflict may be reflected as allostatic load, or the costs of social status and dominance rank, which may be quantified by measuring glucocorticoid stress hormones. Here, we develop the first quantitative model of allostatic load based on the tug‐of‐war model of reproductive skew to generate insights into the mechanisms underlying reproductive conflict in cooperative breeders and to determine whether glucocorticoids can be used to assess conflict levels in group‐living vertebrates. It predicts that subordinates have higher allostatic loads than dominants under most conditions, but when body condition is lower in dominants than in subordinates, dominants experience higher allostatic load. Group structure is also important, as dominants generally have higher allostatic loads than subordinates when there is a large number of subordinates in the group, but this cost can be reduced by increasing the number of dominants, as in plural breeding societies. Using glucocorticoid data from cooperatively breeding superb starlings Lamprotornis superbus, we found empirical support for both predictions. Our model is useful for understanding how the costs of social status influence reproductive sharing, and it suggests that glucocorticoids can be used to examine reproductive conflict and cooperation in social species
Ethyl 7-(4-bromophenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
In the title compound, C14H11BrF3N5O2, the pyrimidine ring adopts a flattened envelope conformation with sp
3-hybridized carbon as the flap [deviation = 0.177 (3) Å]. The dihedral angle between tetrazole and bromophenyl rings is 84.3 (1)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds
A Quantization-Friendly Separable Convolution for MobileNets
As deep learning (DL) is being rapidly pushed to edge computing, researchers
invented various ways to make inference computation more efficient on
mobile/IoT devices, such as network pruning, parameter compression, and etc.
Quantization, as one of the key approaches, can effectively offload GPU, and
make it possible to deploy DL on fixed-point pipeline. Unfortunately, not all
existing networks design are friendly to quantization. For example, the popular
lightweight MobileNetV1, while it successfully reduces parameter size and
computation latency with separable convolution, our experiment shows its
quantized models have large accuracy gap against its float point models. To
resolve this, we analyzed the root cause of quantization loss and proposed a
quantization-friendly separable convolution architecture. By evaluating the
image classification task on ImageNet2012 dataset, our modified MobileNetV1
model can archive 8-bit inference top-1 accuracy in 68.03%, almost closed the
gap to the float pipeline.Comment: Accepted At THE 1ST WORKSHOP ON ENERGY EFFICIENT MACHINE LEARNING AND
COGNITIVE COMPUTING FOR EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS (EMC^2 2018
5′-Amino-2-oxo-2′,3′-dihydrospiro[indoline-3,7′-thieno[3,2-b]pyran]-6′-carbonitrile 1′,1′-dioxide
In the title compound, C15H11N3O4S, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the dihydroindol-2-one (r.m.s. deviation = 0.015 Å) and dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyran (r.m.s. deviation = 0.011 Å) ring systems is 89.53 (3)°. The crytal packing is consolidated by intermolecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into a two-dimensional network into sheets lying parallel to (100)
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