Peculiarities of preparation of the HACCP group members of catering units of preschool educational institutions

The object of research: specific differences in the functioning of HACCP groups of catering units of preschool educational institutions, which determine the potential directions of training the personnel of such groups. Investigated problem: training activities for HACCP teams and conformity assessment are guided by the practice of voluntary implementation and certification of food safety management systems. Although the introduction of permanent procedures based on the principles of the HACCP system at the facilities is a mandatory requirement, the current legislation does not provide for the certification of such procedures. Therefore, the adopted schemes for training specialists for food safety management systems require revision in order to harmonize with the national specifics of the implementation of HACCP procedures in the catering units of preschool education institutions. Main scientific results: conclusions are drawn that can help maximize the success of the preparation of the HACCP group members for the catering units of preschool educational institutions: Training of personnel for HACCP groups can be carried out by obtaining formal education with the help of existing educational programs after the implementation of appropriate educational components into them. When developing educational components for training potential participants in HACCP groups, it is advisable to take into account that at least one participant must have more relevant competencies than is customary in the practice of creating HACCP groups at large and medium capacities. The expected learning outcomes of the HACCP team members should provide opportunities for younger HACCP team members to feel confident that they are not “challenging their older colleagues” but providing valid explanations and evidence. The field of practical application of the research results: the results obtained give an idea of the peculiarities of the functioning of the HACCP groups of the catering units of preschool education institutions. The established circumstances made it possible to identify the specific features of personnel training for participation in the HACCP group. Such information is useful for officials who make a decision to create a HACCP group in the catering unit of a preschool education institution, recruit it and develop a training program for its participants. Innovative technological product: approaches to the development of educational components of educational programs for training personnel of HACCP groups for the catering units of preschool education institutions, taking into account the investigated features of the functioning of such groups. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: the established potential directions and restrictions in the training of personnel for participation in the HACCP group are relevant, understandable and aimed at officials who make the decision to create a HACCP group for the catering units of preschool education institutions, its staffing and the development of a training program for participants in this group.The object of research: specific differences in the functioning of HACCP groups of catering units of preschool educational institutions, which determine the potential directions of training the personnel of such groups. Investigated problem: training activities for HACCP teams and conformity assessment are guided by the practice of voluntary implementation and certification of food safety management systems. Although the introduction of permanent procedures based on the principles of the HACCP system at the facilities is a mandatory requirement, the current legislation does not provide for the certification of such procedures. Therefore, the adopted schemes for training specialists for food safety management systems require revision in order to harmonize with the national specifics of the implementation of HACCP procedures in the catering units of preschool education institutions. Main scientific results: conclusions are drawn that can help maximize the success of the preparation of the HACCP group members for the catering units of preschool educational institutions: Training of personnel for HACCP groups can be carried out by obtaining formal education with the help of existing educational programs after the implementation of appropriate educational components into them. When developing educational components for training potential participants in HACCP groups, it is advisable to take into account that at least one participant must have more relevant competencies than is customary in the practice of creating HACCP groups at large and medium capacities. The expected learning outcomes of the HACCP team members should provide opportunities for younger HACCP team members to feel confident that they are not “challenging their older colleagues” but providing valid explanations and evidence. The field of practical application of the research results: the results obtained give an idea of the peculiarities of the functioning of the HACCP groups of the catering units of preschool education institutions. The established circumstances made it possible to identify the specific features of personnel training for participation in the HACCP group. Such information is useful for officials who make a decision to create a HACCP group in the catering unit of a preschool education institution, recruit it and develop a training program for its participants. Innovative technological product: approaches to the development of educational components of educational programs for training personnel of HACCP groups for the catering units of preschool education institutions, taking into account the investigated features of the functioning of such groups. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: the established potential directions and restrictions in the training of personnel for participation in the HACCP group are relevant, understandable and aimed at officials who make the decision to create a HACCP group for the catering units of preschool education institutions, its staffing and the development of a training program for participants in this group

THE COMMUNIST PARTY CONTROL OVER THE KHARKIV TRADE UNIONS IN THE 1920S OF THE XX CENTURY

Object of research: trade unions of Kharkiv region as a component of the institutions of the political system of Ukraine. Investigated problem: the growing influence of the party organization in the Kharkiv region on trade unions. The main scientific results: the party organization of Kharkiv region controlled the local trade unions. Their personnel policy was determined in party committees. The issue of the trade union movement was decided at the bureau of the province committee. The consequence of the party leadership of the cadres of the unions was that they did not fulfill their main task of protecting the economic interests of the working people. The result of the party leadership of the Kharkiv trade unions was that they performed unusual functions. The meetings of the Presidium of the Unions discussed a wide range of issues, most of which were not directly related to the economic protection of their members. The scope of practical use of research results: determined by suitability for use in the field of the modern state by politicians, parties, public organizations, state institutions, and the media. Innovative technological product: on the basis of numerous archival materials, many of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, a significant gap has been filled in the ideas about the process of party leadership of trade unions at the regional level, namely in the Kharkiv region. The scope of the innovative technological product: the practice of forming, implementing and improving the system of state regulation by public organizations

Accounting procedures in the system of searching and generating the balance sheet of accounting information by various stakeholder groups

This article emphasizes the importance of analyzing critically and using the multi-option models of running the accounting records that make it possible to considerably improve the harmonization of interests of various stakeholder groups and the quality of the accounting data as well. The authors have resorted to various conceptual principles as their study subject to carry out the research that is used by modern science and that is intended to tackle the challenges of realizing a quantum leap in business processes. The authors have demonstrated the peculiarities of generating and using multi-option models of running the accounting records, the specific features of their demonstration in the GAAP, IFRS systems, the continental accounting model and in the Russian practices. They consider the aggregate scenarios in financial and economic development of business entities as obtained by means of accounting sampling to be the most promising trend in optimizing the accounting information in the system of possible stakeholder inquiries. By reference to the results of the research the authors conclude that the interests of the property owners, executive management and mass public that are aimed at the neutrality criterion as obtained by means of the accounting information should be harmonized.peer-reviewe

Hunting for origins of migraine pain: cluster analysis of spontaneous and capsaicin-induced firing in meningeal trigeminal nerve fibers

International audienceTrigeminal nerves in meninges are implicated in generation of nociceptive firing underlying migraine pain. However, the neurochemical mechanisms of nociceptive firing in meningeal trigeminal nerves are little understood. In this study, using suction electrode recordings from peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve in isolated rat meninges, we analyzed spontaneous and capsaicin-induced orthodromic spiking activity. In control, biphasic single spikes with variable amplitude and shapes were observed. Application of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin to meninges dramatically increased firing whereas the amplitudes and shapes of spikes remained essentially unchanged. This effect was antagonized by the specific TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Using the clustering approach, several groups of uniform spikes (clusters) were identified. The clustering approach combined with capsaicin application allowed us to detect and to distinguish "responder" (65%) from "non responder" clusters (35%). Notably, responders fired spikes at frequencies exceeding 10 Hz, high enough to provide postsynaptic temporal summation of excitation at brainstem and spinal cord level. Almost all spikes were suppressed by tetrodotoxin (TTX) suggesting an involvement of the I I X-sensitive sodium channels in nociceptive signaling at the peripheral branches of trigeminal neurons. Our analysis also identified transient (desensitizing) and long-lasting (slowly desensitizing) responses to the continuous application of capsaicin. Thus, the persistent activation of nociceptors in capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers shown here may be involved in trigeminal pain signaling and plasticity along with the release of migraine-related neuropeptides from TRPV1 positive neurons. Furthermore, cluster analysis could be widely used to characterize the temporal and neurochemical profiles of other pain transducers likely implicated in migraine

Cholinergic nociceptive mechanisms in rat meninges and trigeminal Ganglia: Potential implications for migraine pain

© 2017 Shelukhina, Mikhailov, Abushik, Nurullin, Nikolsky and Giniatullin.Background: Parasympathetic innervation of meninges and ability of carbachol, acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (AChR) agonist, to induce headaches suggests contribution of cholinergic mechanisms to primary headaches. However, neurochemical mechanisms of cholinergic regulation of peripheral nociception in meninges, origin place for headache, are almost unknown. Methods: Using electrophysiology, calcium imaging, immunohistochemistry, and staining of meningeal mast cells, we studied effects of cholinergic agents on peripheral nociception in rat hemiskulls and isolated trigeminal neurons. Results: Both ACh and carbachol significantly increased nociceptive firing in peripheral terminals of meningeal trigeminal nerves recorded by local suction electrode. Strong nociceptive firing was also induced by nicotine, implying essential role of nicotinic AChRs in control of excitability of trigeminal nerve endings. Nociceptive firing induced by carbachol was reduced by muscarinic antagonist atropine, whereas the action of nicotine was prevented by the nicotinic blocker d-tubocurarine but was insensitive to the TRPA1 antagonist HC-300033. Carbachol but not nicotine induced massive degranulation of meningeal mast cells known to release multiple pro-nociceptive mediators. Enzymes terminating ACh action, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase, were revealed in perivascular meningeal nerves. The inhibitor of AChE neostigmine did not change the firing per se but induced nociceptive activity, sensitive to d-tubocurarine, after pretreatment of meninges with the migraine mediator CGRP. This observation suggested the pro-nociceptive action of endogenous ACh in meninges. Both nicotine and carbachol induced intracellular Ca2+ transients in trigeminal neurons partially overlapping with expression of capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 receptors. Conclusion: Trigeminal nerve terminals in meninges, as well as dural mast cells and trigeminal ganglion neurons express a repertoire of pro-nociceptive nicotinic and muscarinic AChRs, which could be activated by the ACh released from parasympathetic nerves. These receptors represent a potential target for novel therapeutic interventions in trigeminal pain and probably in migraine

Curare alkaloids from Matis Dart Poison: Comparison with d-tubocurarine in interactions with nicotinic, 5-HT3 serotonin and GABAA receptors.

Several novel bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BBIQAs) have recently been isolated from a Matis tribe arrow poison and shown by two-electrode voltage-clamp to inhibit mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Here, using radioligand assay with Aplysia californica AChBP and radioiodinated α-bungarotoxin ([125I]-αBgt), we show that BBIQA1, BBIQA2, and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) have similar affinities to nAChR orthosteric site. However, a competition with [125I]-αBgt for binding to the Torpedo californica muscle-type nAChR revealed that BBIQAs1, 2, and 3 are less potent (IC50s = 26.3, 8.75, and 17.0 μM) than d-TC (IC50 = 0.39 μM), while with α7 nAChR in GH4C1 cells, BBIQA1 was less potent that d-TC (IC50s = 162 μM and 7.77 μM, respectively), but BBIQA2 was similar (IC50 = 5.52 μM). In inhibiting the Ca2+ responses induced by acetylcholine in Neuro2a cells expressing the mouse adult α1β1εδ nAChR or human α7 nAChR, BBIQAs1 and 2 had similar potencies to d-TC (IC50s in the range 0.75-3.08 μM). Our data suggest that BBIQA1 and BBIQA2 can inhibit adult muscle α1β1εδ nAChR by both competitive and noncompetitive mechanisms. Further experiments on neuronal α3β2, α4β2, and α9α10 nAChRs, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, showed that similar potencies for BBIQAs1, 2, and d-TC. With α3β2γ2 GABAAR currents were almost completely inhibited by d-TC at a high (100 μM) concentration, but BBIQAs1 and 2 were less potent (only 40-50% inhibition), whereas in competition with Alexa Fluor 546-α-cobratoxin for binding to α1β3γ2 GABAAR in Neuro2a cells, d-TC and these analogs had comparable affinities. Especially interesting effects of BBIQAs1 and 2 in comparison with d-TC were observed for 5-HT3AR: BBIQA1 and BBIQA2 were 5- and 87-fold less potent than d-TC (IC50 = 22.63 nM). Thus, our results reveal that these BBIQAs differ from d-TC in their potencies towards certain Cys-loop receptors, and we suggest that understanding the reasons behind this might be useful for future drug design.The work of ENS, IAI, DSK, IVS, AIG, LVS, and VIT was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant 16-14-00215 (http://rscf. ru/en). The work of IEK was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 18- 04-01366 (http://www.rfbr.ru/rffi/eng). The work of SCRL was supported by a Medical Research Council Grant MR L021676 (https://mrc.ukri.org/)

Nicotinic receptor involvement in regulation of functions of mouse neutrophils from inflammatory site

© 2016 Elsevier GmbH.Participation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in functioning of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) isolated from inflammatory site of mice and expression of different nAChR subunits were studied. Nicotine and acetylcholine (ACh) modified respiratory burst induced by a chemotactic peptide N-formyl-MLF in neutrophils of male (but not female) mice. Antagonists of nAChRs α-cobratoxin (αCTX), α-conotoxins MII and [A10L]PnIA at concentrations of 0.01-5 μM, 0.2 μM and 1 μM, respectively, eliminated nAChR agonist effects. ACh also affected adhesion of PMNs, this effect was also prevented by αCTX (100 nM) and MII (1 nM). Neutrophils of female mice after chronic nicotine consumption acquired sensitivity to nAChR agonists. Changes of free intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neutrophils under the action of nAChR ligands were analyzed. In cells with no Ca2+ oscillations and relatively low resting level of intracellular Ca2+, nicotine triggered Ca2+-spikes, the lag of the response shortened with increasing nicotine concentration. A nicotinic antagonist caramiphen strongly decreased the effect of nicotine. RT-PCR analysis revealed mRNAs of α2, α3, α4, α5, α6, α7, α9, β2, β3, and β4 nAChR subunits. Specific binding of [125I]-α-bungarotoxin was demonstrated. Thus in view of the effects and binding characteristics the results obtained suggest a regulatory role of α7, α3β2 or α6 nAChR types in specific functions of PMNs

Hunting for origins of migraine pain: Cluster analysis of spontaneous and capsaicin-induced firing in meningeal trigeminal nerve fibers

© 2015 Zakharov, Vitale, Kilinc, Koroleva, Fayuk, Shelukhina, Naumenko, Skorinkin, Khazipov and Giniatullin. Trigeminal nerves in meninges are implicated in generation of nociceptive firing underlying migraine pain. However, the neurochemical mechanisms of nociceptive firing in meningeal trigeminal nerves are little understood. In this study, using suction electrode recordings from peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve in isolated rat meninges, we analyzed spontaneous and capsaicin-induced orthodromic spiking activity. In control, biphasic single spikes with variable amplitude and shapes were observed. Application of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin to meninges dramatically increased firing whereas the amplitudes and shapes of spikes remained essentially unchanged. This effect was antagonized by the specific TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Using the clustering approach, several groups of uniform spikes (clusters) were identified. The clustering approach combined with capsaicin application allowed us to detect and to distinguish “responder” (65%) from “non-responder” clusters (35%). Notably, responders fired spikes at frequencies exceeding 10 Hz, high enough to provide postsynaptic temporal summation of excitation at brainstem and spinal cord level. Almost all spikes were suppressed by tetrodotoxin (TTX) suggesting an involvement of the TTX-sensitive sodium channels in nociceptive signaling at the peripheral branches of trigeminal neurons. Our analysis also identified transient (desensitizing) and long-lasting (slowly desensitizing) responses to the continuous application of capsaicin. Thus, the persistent activation of nociceptors in capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers shown here may be involved in trigeminal pain signaling and plasticity along with the release of migraine-related neuropeptides from TRPV1 positive neurons. Furthermore, cluster analysis could be widely used to characterize the temporal and neurochemical profiles of other pain transducers likely implicated in migraine

Pretend Indian Exegesis

Some Indian ponderings

Mitochondria Express α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to Regulate Ca2+ Accumulation and Cytochrome c Release: Study on Isolated Mitochondria

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate synaptic transmission in the muscle and autonomic ganglia and regulate transmitter release in the brain. The nAChRs composed of α7 subunits are also expressed in non-excitable cells to regulate cell survival and proliferation. Up to now, functional α7 nAChRs were found exclusively on the cell plasma membrane. Here we show that they are expressed in mitochondria and regulate early pro-apoptotic events like cytochrome c release. The binding of α7-specific antibody with mouse liver mitochondria was revealed by electron microscopy. Outer membranes of mitochondria from the wild-type and β2−/− but not α7−/− mice bound α7 nAChR-specific antibody and toxins: FITC-labeled α-cobratoxin or Alexa 555-labeled α-bungarotoxin. α7 nAChR agonists (1 µM acetylcholine, 10 µM choline or 30 nM PNU-282987) impaired intramitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and significantly decreased cytochrome c release stimulated with either 90 µM CaCl2 or 0.5 mM H2O2. α7-specific antagonist methyllicaconitine (50 nM) did not affect Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria but attenuated the effects of agonists on cytochrome c release. Inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) 4,4′-diisothio-cyano-2,2′-stilbene disulfonic acid (0.5 µM) decreased cytochrome c release stimulated with apoptogens similarly to α7 nAChR agonists, and VDAC was co-captured with the α7 nAChR from mitochondria outer membrane preparation in both direct and reverse sandwich ELISA. It is concluded that α7 nAChRs are expressed in mitochondria outer membrane to regulate the VDAC-mediated Ca2+ transport and mitochondrial permeability transition