Superficial Ulnar Artery with High Bifurcation of the Brachial Artery and its Clinical Significance

Although the variations in brachial artery branching patterns are commonly observed, only 3.75% exhibit a high ulnar artery variation1. An even fewer number present with a bilateral superficial ulnar artery, as was reported by Fadel and Amonoo-Kuofi2. The compounding variations of a high bifurcation of the brachial artery and a superficial ulnar artery may be asymptomatic, but demonstrate important clinical significance in relation to accidental intra-arterial injections, errors in blood pressure readings, as well as orthopedic, plastic and vascular surgeries of the upper limbs1. This study aims to expand upon previous literature and provide additional insight to the field of clinical anatomy, while educating physicians of the possible presentations and potentially severe risks associated with these variations