Probiotic microbe activity for application as anti- fungal and feed intake rate of ruminants

In industry Lactobacillus and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have been added to animal feed to increase ruminant feed intake. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the symbiotic effect between Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LAB) and yeast on antifungal activity in relation to increase feed intake of mix-bred Jamnapari goats. First, maximum biomass yield of innoculum LAB and S.cerevisiae was determined by using different ratio of initial substrate (molasses) concentration and percent of innoculum. A mixed culture of 4.94% LAB and 4.60% S. cerevisiae with 6.72 g/l molasses resulted in highest biomass yield of cell 3.18 ± 0.25 g/l. The formulation of mix culture was found to produce the highest anti-fungal activity 37.08% ± 2.53 mycelium growth of Aspergillus flavus as compared with single culture of LAB 63.07% ± 0.81 and S. cerevisiae 64.24%. The formulation was used for silage production through solid-state fermentation. Then the effect of silage on ruminant feed intake was studied by comparing ruminant feed of silage S3 (100% silage) and S2 which was 25% silage added with 75% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) with commercial feed (non-silage content) as control parameter such as S5 90% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) added with 10% soy waste, S1 100% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) and S4 99% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) added with 1% urea which applied through four male mix-bred Jamnapari goat. Both feed with silage content were able to increase feed intake activity (100% consumption) as compared with commercial feeds. The result of this study showed that mixed culture LAB and S. cerevisiae could provide advantage to the animal feed industry in term of improving the process of anti-fungal with stimulating appetite in ruminants without any chemical supplement

Probiotic microbe activity for application as anti- fungal and feed intake rate of ruminants

In industry Lactobacillus and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have been added to animal feed to increase ruminant feed intake. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the symbiotic effect between Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LAB) and yeast on antifungal activity in relation to increase feed intake of mix-bred Jamnapari goats. First, maximum biomass yield of innoculum LAB and S.cerevisiae was determined by using different ratio of initial substrate (molasses) concentration and percent of innoculum. A mixed culture of 4.94% LAB and 4.60% S. cerevisiae with 6.72 g/l molasses resulted in highest biomass yield of cell 3.18 ± 0.25 g/l. The formulation of mix culture was found to produce the highest anti-fungal activity 37.08% ± 2.53 mycelium growth of Aspergillus flavus as compared with single culture of LAB 63.07% ± 0.81 and S. cerevisiae 64.24%. The formulation was used for silage production through solid-state fermentation. Then the effect of silage on ruminant feed intake was studied by comparing ruminant feed of silage S3 (100% silage) and S2 which was 25% silage added with 75% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) with commercial feed (non-silage content) as control parameter such as S5 90% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) added with 10% soy waste, S1 100% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) and S4 99% mix feed (50% tapioca leaves + 50% napier grass) added with 1% urea which applied through four male mix-bred Jamnapari goat. Both feed with silage content were able to increase feed intake activity (100% consumption) as compared with commercial feeds. The result of this study showed that mixed culture LAB and S. cerevisiae could provide advantage to the animal feed industry in term of improving the process of anti-fungal with stimulating appetite in ruminants without any chemical supplement

Silage without supplementation: problems, advantages and lactic acid bacteria green approach

This article review started with some techniques which can indicate the quality of silage such as sensory evaluations (contour of bunker face, color and odor), chemical compositions (moisture, crude protein, soluble protein, ammonia nitrogen, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, fermentation profiles and mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations) and physical characteristics (pH, temperature and particle size). But, most effective indicator is the nutritions quality. It was a key factor to reduce the production cost of feeding of ruminants. There are a lots of nutrients losses especially protein content of forage during fermentations. Lots of losses have been occured during aerobic phase and feedout. Most of the value of protein degradation rate is around 0.5-1.0% per day which gives bad performance especially at the end of fermentation result. There are two chemical process occurs which are Maillard reaction and acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose which both can effect silage quality especially the nutrient loss through degradation and utilization. Lactic acid is preferred to be dominant over other silage fermentation acids because it has a lower dissociation constant (Ka=3.86) which can be major organic acid responsible for decreasing silage pH. Lactic acid bacteria application so-called as green application will give 20 gram of lactic acid production per kilogram compare to control that resulted almost neal lactic acid. This acidic condition will help to stabilize the silage through green low pH condition instead of apply chemical like strong acid which give negative impact and in the same time can reduce the nutrient loss along fermentation and storage

Agriculture wastes conversion for biofertilizer production using beneficial microorganisms for sustainable agriculture applications

Aims: The emphasis of this study is to generate new valuable bioproducts from non-toxic cleaning waste for environmental healing technology. Methodology and Results: Comparisons between different types of biofertilizer formulations and the field trial effectiveness were done. Results indicated that biofertilizer C contained the highest N value (1.8%) when compared with biofertilizers B and A, which only contained 1.7% and 1.4%, respectively. Biofertilizer A showed significant difference in the total count of yeast, mould, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrate oxidizing bacteria compared to biofertilizer B and C. Meanwhile, biofertilizer C was found to be significantly different from others in Lactobacillus sp. and nitrogen-fixing bacteria count. Photosynthetic total count and Actinomycetes sp. were not noticed in all formulations tested. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The findings of this study suggest that biofertilizer A is suitable to be used as a promotional biofertilizer in flower and fruit production, biofertilizer B can be used for a leafy crop, while biofertilizer C is good for the growth of roots and stem of plant

The potential hazards of Aspergillus sp. in foods and feeds, and the role of biological treatment: a review

The contamination of food and feed by Aspergillus has become a global issue with a significant worldwide economic impact. The growth of Aspergillus is unfavourable to the development of food and feed industries, where the problems happen mostly due to the presence of mycotoxins, which is a toxic metabolite secreted by most Aspergillus groups. Moreover, fungi can produce spores that cause diseases, such as allergies and asthma, especially to human beings. High temperature, high moisture, retarded crops, and poor food storage conditions encourage the growth of mold, as well as the development of mycotoxins. A variety of chemical, biological, and physical strategies have been developed to control the production of mycotoxins. A biological approach, using a mixed culture comprised of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus resulted in the inhibition of the growth of fungi when inoculated into fermented food. The results reveal that the mixed culture has a higher potential (37.08%) to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus (producer of Aflatoxin) compared to either single culture, L. rhamnosus NRRL B-442 and S. cerevisiae, which inhibit the growth by 63.07% and 64.24%, respectively