Waste to resource - beneficial use of water treatment residuals as a stormwater control measure amendment for phosphorus removal

2020 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.The increase in nutrient pollution is an alarming issue, and innovative and cost-effective measures need to be taken. This study addressed two issues: removing dissolved phosphorus introduced through stormwater runoff using water treatment residuals (WTRs) and the economic value of diverting this waste material from landfills to be used as an amendment in stormwater best management practices for treating stormwater runoff. The City of Fort Collins has monitored a bioretention rain garden located at a municipal facility for several years and has consistently seen a slight decrease and, at times, even an increase in the total mass of phosphorous in stormwater effluent leaving these facilities. The increase in mass was primarily due to higher dissolved phosphorous concentrations in the rain garden's effluent. Based on prior research at Colorado State University, the use of water treatment residuals (WTRs) was selected for laboratory-scale analysis and field-scale evaluation. This research aimed to evaluate whether this waste material generated during drinking water treatment operations could be diverted from landfills and instead, used as an amendment in stormwater best management practices (BMPs) for treating stormwater runoff. Simultaneously, it is hoped that this waste product's beneficial use can result in a safe and significant reduction in dissolved phosphorous input into water bodies. WTRs from the local water treatment plant were evaluated and found to have a very high adsorptive capacity for phosphorus with a phosphorus sorption capacity (PSC) of 21.56 lbs. dissolved phosphorus per ton WTRs, making it a strong candidate as an amendment to current BMPs. A column test was conducted to demonstrate a proof of concept for how WTRs can reduce phosphorus loads leaving BMPs. Column tests revealed that exposure time and application location (top, mixed, or bottom) of WTRs within the BMP media were the critical factors of phosphorus removal. A study was also conducted to determine how much phosphorus load could be reduced if WTRs were applied to BMPs throughout Fort Collins. The citywide analysis displayed a significant reduction, if not an elimination, of the need to send this current waste product to local landfill facilities, thereby reducing disposal costs and increasing the useful life of local landfill operations. The current operation by the City of Fort Collins disposes WTRs into the county's landfill. This study estimated the cost of current operations, the cost of using WTRs in stormwater BMPs, and an additional potential scenario in where the landfill was moved twice as far. Transportation, tipping/application, and staff time were the main cost components and were estimated for the different scenarios. It was found that using WTRs as an amendment in stormwater BMPs would save the City around $5,000 annually compared to the current operation and$13,000 compared to the disposing of WTRs to the new landfill. The outcome of such an approach was shown to be not only economical, but it also provided environmental and social benefits as it would reduce dissolved phosphorus significantly from stormwater runoff, which results in improved water quality and elimination of a current product

Five Quantum Algorithms Using Quipper

Quipper is a recently released quantum programming language. In this report, we explore Quipper's programming framework by implementing the Deutsch's, Deutsch-Jozsa's, Simon's, Grover's, and Shor's factoring algorithms. It will help new quantum programmers in an instructive manner. We choose Quipper especially for its usability and scalability though it's an ongoing development project. We have also provided introductory concepts of Quipper and prerequisite backgrounds of the algorithms for readers' convenience. We also have written codes for oracles (black boxes or functions) for individual algorithms and tested some of them using the Quipper simulator to prove correctness and introduce the readers with the functionality. As Quipper 0.5 does not include more than \ensuremath{4 \times 4} matrix constructors for Unitary operators, we have also implemented \ensuremath{8 \times 8} and \ensuremath{16 \times 16} matrix constructors.Comment: 27 page

Preparation and Study of Charge- Transfer Complexes for Acetylenic Amine Derivatives

Acetylenic amine derived from secondary amines such as piperidine , pyrolidine and diethyl amine were synthesized as charge transfer donor have been treated with receptor I2,Br2 and DDQ (DDQ = 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-Dicyano-p-Benzoquinone) to prepare transitional charge complexes . Benesi-Heldbrand equation have been used at (λmax)for formation complexes to calculate potential ionize. Calculation for acetylenic amines derivatives at the first time from transitional energy with studied receptor and calculated equilibrium constan

Study Reactions of acetylenic amine N-Oxidewith reactive Halides

new acetylenic amine derived from cyclic secondary amines such as piperidine were synthesized , these amine were oxidized with m-chloroper benzoic acid to the corresponding N-Oxides. The acetylenic amine and its oxide were investigated through the study of their physical and chemical properties ,spectral analysis (IR and UV) in addition to the micro analysis of the elements(C.H.N). Aqueous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids ethanolic hydrogen chloride from the monomeric halides(II) of the amine oxide. dioxan solutions of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide or aqueous hydro iodic acid yield the dimiric hydrohalides(III).The monomeric hydrochloride and hydro bromide are converted to the dimiric hydro iodide (IV) by treated with sodium iodide. Reaction of the amine oxide which is readily split by picric acid. A mechanism for the formation of all complexes (II-V) as well as an explanation for the formation of all types of hydro halides were presented

The effect of some Thiosemicarbazide derivatives and their complexes on Human Serum Cholinestrase Activity

The inhibitory effect of some 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone thiosemicarbazone and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone and their complexes with Cr(III),Mo(V) and W(VI) on the activity of human serum cholinesterase have been studied in vitro. Some of these compounds showed a remarkable activity even at low concentration . From the degree of inhibition obtained, the time of incubation and inhibitor concentration for the highest inhibition have been determined. The results obtained from (Linweaver –Burk) plot indicates that the inhibition is Non-Competitive. The inhibition percentages obtained confirmed that the complexes has a higher inhibition than ligands

Preparation and study of some Transition Metal Complexes with Liquid Crystal Properties

: Acetylenic amine (N,N-Bis propargy piperazine) were synthesized and diagnosed in spectroscopic method (Uv-visibl and IR) and (C.H.N) analysis . Preparing and studying new complexes by using ligand that from acetylenic amine which using this purpose at the first time with metal chlorides(Mo+3 ,Cr+5 ,W+6 ,Fe+3 ). Studying of complexes by using suitable methods have been diagnosed in Uv-Visible, IR, Magnetic susceptibility , atomic absorption ,electric conductivity measurement and molar ratio, all result obtained from different techniques above which were found that their corresponding with the proposed structures for the prepared complexes . Complexes appeared liquid crystal properties therefore they have been studied careful (∆H, ∆S) of liquid crystal stages for both changes calculated which were found that their corresponding with the data in literature

Synthesis and Characterization Complexes Of Cr(III),Mo(V) and W(VI) with Schiff Base Derivatives from (2-hydroxy-benzylidene) and Urea or Thiourea and Study of its biological activity.

Acetylenic amine (N,N-Bis propargy piperazine) were synthesized and diagnosed in spectroscopic method (Uv-visibl and IR) and (C.H.N) analysis . Preparing and studying new complexes by using ligand that from acetylenic amine which using this purpose at the first time with metal chlorides(Mo+3 ,Cr+5 ,W+6 ,Fe+3 ). Studying of complexes by using suitable methods have been diagnosed in Uv-Visible, IR, Magnetic susceptibility , atomic absorption ,electric conductivity measurement and molar ratio, all result obtained from different techniques above which were found that their corresponding with the proposed structures for the prepared complexes . Complexes appeared liquid crystal properties therefore they have been studied careful (∆H, ∆S) of liquid crystal stages for both changes calculated which were found that their corresponding with the data in literature

Preparation and Theoretical Study of some Transition Metal Complexes with Acetylenic Amine and Study of its Biological Activity

Abstract Twelve new complexes were synthesized and characterized by reaction salts of with (Cr +5 , Mo +3 and W +6 ) with bidentate ligands (acetylenic amine), these: L1 = (N,L2 = (N, L3 = ( N,L4 = ( N

Assessment of Crestal Bone Loss and Implant Stability of Implant Drilling Protocol at Low Speed without Irrigation versus Conventional Drilling Protocol

Abstract Aim: This study assesses crestal bone loss surrounding dental implants, primary and secondary stability in sites prepared by conventional versus low speed drilling protocol. Material and Methods: Ten patients received 20 implants to restore an edentulous area in the lower posterior mandibular area. Patients were blindly divided into a control and study group. In the control group, sequential drilling was performed at 1,200 rpm and torque of 30 Ncm with irrigation till reaching the planned length and diameter. In the Study group, sequential drilling was performed at 150 rpm and torque of 50 Ncm without irrigation till reaching the planned length and diameter. Digital periapical radiographs were taken immediately postoperative, after 3 and 6 months to assess the crestal bone loss. Osstell® was used to quantify the implant stability; the primary stability was measured right after implant placement and the secondary stability was assessed after 3 months. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in crestal bone loss between both groups. The results of the primary stability of the control group showed a greater value than that of the study group with a statistically significant difference, while there was no statistically significant difference in the secondary stability between groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, drilling at low speed without irrigation is a successful implant site preparation technique for dental implants