Public Transportation Improvement Validation Model for Metropolitan City Karachi

Any metropolitan city is identified by its effective operational transportation modes. In between that, public transportation plays vital role for getting the proper scale of the economy and in all aspects. Lesser the rate of vehicle ownership increases the improvement rate in public transport system. But the system should be linked with the effective controlled strategy that resembles with the meaningful and user friendly environment. Choice of mode of transport is selected by the road user which in turn dependent on the facilities provided in the passenger cars. Unfortunately the system of public transportation is diversified due to number of reasons. This not only predominates the Enforcement action but transforms the Engineering measures as well. According to the survey, more than 80% road users are the direct passengers of Buses and Mini buses. Not only that, they are forced to use more than two vehicles during the whole day for their complete trip accommodation. Apart from that, users are not satisfied with the existing network due to several reasons. These include improper route network, illegal work imposition, imbalanced fare collection, adverse vehicle condition, lack of Engineering and Enforcement measures etc. This paper focuses on the main legendary actions that need to be adopted by concerned stakeholders for the effective public transportation system. For the sake of reason, a detailed public opinion survey has been done in which number of associated matters is discussed and recommendations are formulated based on the analyzed results in the paper. The thematic idea of the paper also covers the balanced between the improvement in existing condition and bringing the new innovative solutions that are more realistic to the nature of local users of Karachi city

Smart and sustainable wireless electric vehicle charging strategy with renewable energy and internet of things integration

This study addresses the challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) charging in office environments. These challenges include (1) reliance on manual cable connections, (2) constrained charging options, (3) safety concerns with cable management, and (4) the lack of dynamic charging capabilities. This research focuses on an innovative wireless power transfer (WPT) system specifically designed for use in office parking areas. This system incorporates renewable energy resources (RERs) and uses the transformative power of the Internet of Things (IoT). It employs a mix of solar energy systems and battery storage solutions to facilitate a sustainable and efficient energy supply to EVs. The integration of IoT technology allows for the automatic initiation of charging as soon as an EV is parked. Additionally, the implementation of the Blynk application offers users real-time access to information regarding the operational status of the photovoltaic system and the battery levels of their EVs. The system is further enhanced with IoT and RFID technologies to provide dynamic updates on the availability of charging slots and to implement strict security protocols for user authentication and protection. The research also includes a case study focusing on the application of this charging system in office settings. The case study achieves a 95.9% IRR, lower NPC of USD 1.52 million, and 56.7% power contribution by RERs, and it reduces annual carbon emissions to 173,956 kg CO2

Comparative Performance Study of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Methods for Identification of Faults in Power Transformer

© 2023 Abdul Wajid et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/The power transformer is an essential component of the electrical network that can be used to step up and step down voltage. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is the most reliable method for the identification of incipient faults in power transformers. Various DGA methods are used to observe the generated key gases after oil decomposition. The main gases included are hydrogen (H2), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), methane (CH4), and ethane (C2H6). There is a lack of research that can compare the performance of various DGA methods in identification of faults in power transformer. In addition, it is also not clear which DGA method is optimal for identification of faults in power transformer. In this paper, the comparative performance study of seven DGA methods such as Roger’s ratio, key gas, IEC ratio, the Doernenburg ratio, the Duval triangle, three-ratio method, and the relative percentage of four gases is carried out in order to identify the optimal technique for fault identification in transformer. The data of various power transformers installed in “RAWAT” NTDC grid station, Islamabad, and “UCH-II” power station, Balochistan, are considered for the comparative analysis. This analysis shows that the three-ratio method provides better performance than other DGA methods in accurately identifying the faults in power transformers. The three-ratio method has 90% accuracy in identifying the faults in power transformer.Peer reviewe

Varicose Vein of Bilateral Lower Limb: A Review

Varicose veins are tortuous, winded veins in the subcutaneous tissues of legs. These veins are visible and can be easily diagnosed clinically. The varicose veins are usually incompetent and may result in the reflux of blood and ultimately venous hypertension. Varicose veins are usually found asymptomatic however it may result in local pain, heaviness in the limb, change in the color, itching, dryness and may develop ankle swelling including cramps. Conditions that increase pressure on leg veins such as obesity, sedentary life style, lack of activity or exercise, hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, smoking, heavy weight lifting may lead to varicose veins. Keywords: - Varicose, Reflux, Vein, Incompetent

Enhancing cybersecurity in smart grids: Deep black box adversarial attacks and quantum voting ensemble models for blockchain privacy-preserving storage

Smart grids are getting important in today’s power management, so with that, smart grid technologies are increasingly important too. There have been a lot of concerns about smart grid technologies being hacked, and as a result, some deep black box adversarial attacks have been conducted and presented. We propose a new experimental methodology for benchmarking smart grid security with black box attacks. Additionally, concerning the type of smart grids, Smart Power Grids, deep black box adversarial attacks which can be crafted using virtually no knowledge about the target due to the inherent complexity of content available in cryptographic libraries like SecLib or Bouncy Castle how it affects security of cyber-physical power systems. We identify potential impacts of deep black box attacks on Smart Power Grids as implemented by the Department of Energy in 1996, we evaluate existing protection methods, and we find out the pitfalls thereof. With the aim of overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, we initiate a study on deep black box adversarial attacks against Smart Power Grids showing that statistically significant effects against a national Smart Power Grid are achievable with absolute security. We also probe detection of cyber security attacks on Smart Power Grids. We illustrate landscape of smart grids with numerous cyber threats and demonstrate the limitations of traditional security practices. We show the importance of machine learning to detect attacks and the unlikelihood of identification of dependable and efficient detection schemes. We describe quantum voting ensemble models as one of the most powerful techniques in the detection of cyber security attacks. Finally, we propose an experimental setup and evaluation criteria to detect cyber security attacks in smart grids using quantum voting ensemble models. Then, we talk about private data storage in blockchain based smart grid infrastructure. We give an introduction of block chain and its essentiality in smart grids. We discuss privacy issues in block chain based smart grids. We acknowledge the strength of privacy safeguards, but on the same wavelength, we realize their weaknesses. Next, we propose a quantum resistant encryption technique that enhances the privacy of smart grids. We propose quantum voting ensemble models as one of the most promising techniques to address the issue of private data storage in block chains. As a result, we provide a comparison between the proposed models and traditional approaches to privacy protection in smart grids based on an experimental performance review. Then, we propose a unified strategy to improve smart grid cyber security by incorporating deep black box attacks with quantum voting ensemble models. Finally, we disclose several benefits of such integration and perform an experimental evaluation to investigate the effectiveness of the unified approach. The results of our study identify security gaps in smart grids and propose state-of-the-art mechanisms to address them. The challenges of smart grids system require the amalgamation of blockchain, quantum voting ensemble models and deep black box adversarial attacks. We achieve this objective proposing a unified strategy. The results of this study will equally be helpful for future research and smart grid cyber security implementations

Efficacy of Hijamah Bila Shart (Dry Cupping) in Primary Dysmenorrhea

Usre Tams (Dysmenorrhea) is the most common of gynecologic complaints. It affects half of all female adolescents today and represents the leading cause of periodic college/school absenteeism among that population.  Since ancient times, Hijamah bila Shart (Dry cupping) is a method of treatment for this disease. Therefore, objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the efficacy of Hijamah bila Shart on intensity of pain in Usre Tams by using verbal multi-dimensional scoring system. It was conducted on 40 patients. Patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhoea with regular cycles, age group 15-40years were selected. For dry cupping, two glass cup of medium size were applied below the umbilicus for 20 minutes on day land/or day 2 of the menstrual phase for one cycle and pain intensity was assessed by verbal multi-dimensional scoring system for pain before and after the treatment. Keywords: Dysmenorrhoea, Hijamah bila Shart, Dry cupping, Usre Tam

EFFECT OF MURMUKI (Cammiphora myrrh) WITH BOILED EGG IN LEUCORRHOEA (Sailan-ur- Reham): A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Leucorrhoea is a universal problem of women. Nobody usually escapes from this illness. It is a very common condition that has been faced by most women of all ages particularly in reproductive period. It is symptom of underlying pelvic pathology. Sometimes this symptom is so severe that it over shadow actual disease and women seek the treatment for only this symptom. The white discharge is, however caused by the presence of infection in the genital tract and variety of other reasons. This was the case study of 29 year old female suffered from leucorrhoea treated with Murmuki (Cammiphora myrrh) along with boiled egg. Keywords: Leucorrhoea, Unani medicine, Murmuki, Sailan-ur- Reha

A resilience-oriented bidirectional anfis framework for networked microgrid management

This study implemented a bidirectional artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to solve the problem of system resilience in synchronized and islanded grid mode/operation (during normal operation and in the event of a catastrophic disaster, respectively). Included in this setup are photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, and smart load management. Solar panels, wind turbines, and battery-charging supercapacitors are just a few of the sustainable energy sources ANFIS coordinates. The first step in the process was the development of a mode-specific control algorithm to address the system’s current behavior. Relative ANFIS will take over to greatly boost resilience during times of crisis, power savings, and routine operations. A bidirectional converter connects the battery in order to keep the DC link stable and allow energy displacement due to changes in generation and consumption. When combined with the ANFIS algorithm, PV can be used to meet precise power needs. This means it can safeguard the battery from extreme conditions such as overcharging or discharging. The wind system is optimized for an island environment and will perform as designed. The efficiency of the system and the life of the batteries both improve. Improvements to the inverter’s functionality can be attributed to the use of synchronous reference frame transformation for control. Based on the available solar power, wind power, and system state of charge (SOC), the anticipated fuzzy rule-based ANFIS will take over. Furthermore, the synchronized grid was compared to ANFIS. The study uses MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the robustness of the system under test

Unhappiness and dissatisfaction in doctors cannot be predicted by selectors from medical school application forms: A prospective, longitudinal study

BACKGROUND: Personal statements and referees' reports are widely used on medical school application forms, particularly in the UK, to assess the suitability of candidates for a career in medicine. However there are few studies which assess the validity of such information for predicting unhappiness or dissatisfaction with a career in medicine. Here we combine data from a long-term prospective study of medical student selection and training, with an experimental approach in which a large number of assessors used a paired comparison technique to predict outcome. METHODS: Data from a large-scale prospective study of students applying to UK medical schools in 1990 were used to identify 40 pairs of doctors, matched by sex, for whom personal statements and referees' reports were available, and who in a 2002/3 follow-up study, one pair member was very satisfied and the other very dissatisfied with medicine as a career. In 2005, 96 assessors, who were experienced medical school selectors, doctors, medical students or psychology students, used information from the doctors' original applications to judge which member of each pair of doctors was the happier, more satisfied doctor. RESULTS: None of the groups of assessors were significantly different from chance expectations in using applicants' personal statements and the referees' reports to predict actual future satisfaction or dissatisfaction, the distribution being similar to binomial expectations. However judgements of pairs of application forms from pairs of doctors showed a non-binomial distribution, indicating consensus among assessors as to which doctor would be the happy doctor (although the consensus was wrong in half the cases). Assessors taking longer to do the task concurred more. Consensus judgements seem mainly to be based on referees' predictions of academic achievement (even though academic achievement is not actually a valid predictor of happiness or satisfaction). CONCLUSION: Although widely used in medical student selection to assess motivation, interest and commitment to a medical career, the personal statement and the referee's report cannot validly be used by assessors, including experienced medical school selectors, to identify doctors who will subsequently be dissatisfied with a medical career

Electric Vehicles Aggregation for Frequency Control of Microgrid under Various Operation Conditions Using an Optimal Coordinated Strategy

This paper presents a novel optimal coordinated strategy for frequency regulation (FR) through electric vehicles (EVs) under variable power system operation states (PSOSs). The methodology ensures a secure and economical operation of the power system through the coordination of the frequency regulation, the power of the electric vehicles and generators with multiple optimization objectives. In the normal state of operation of the power system, the battery degradation cost is taken into account and accordingly the minimum FR cost is utilized as an objective. On the other hand, for abnormal operation, the optimization objective considers the minimum frequency restoration duration. Different scenarios have been investigated to validate the proposed method. The simulation results confirm the usefulness and superior performance of the proposed optimized coordinated control strategy