Policymakers and the example of smoking to children: A qualitative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The normality of smoking that children are exposed to is associated with increased risk of smoking uptake. To better understand policymaking that could address this issue, our aim was to identify and document the views of New Zealand policymakers regarding the example of smoking behaviour to children, and the policy responses they preferred.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>We analysed public documents for relevant statements, and conducted semi-structured anonymous interviews with 62 purposively selected policymakers. We identified views of New Zealand policymakers regarding: the example to children of adult smoking behaviour, and the policy responses they preferred.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In both public statements and anonymous interviews, policymakers demonstrated that they perceived a clear relationship between the example of smoking and children taking up smoking. However, they showed a general unwillingness to support further smokefree legislation in areas frequented by children. Rather, they preferred to educate adults about their impact as models for youth behaviour.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Health advocates in New Zealand and elsewhere may require more evidence of the effect of relevant legislation and of public support, and wider alliances, to significantly move policies specifically to reduce the example of smoking.</p

The Forgotten Mothers of the Cillíní

Hidden away, folded within Ireland’s rural landscape, cillíní are historically, emotionally and politically complex sites. The landscapes of the cillíní are personal sites of mourning and remembrance for families whose stories have, in many cases, remained hidden away, as part of the burying process of a difficult history. Often referred to as Children’s Burial Grounds, cillíní were primarily used for babies who were still born, miscarried or who died at birth without baptism thus not qualifying for burial within consecrated ground. The word cillíní describes sites which have distinctly different histories in relation to their landscape contexts, narrative within the com-munities which they served and the multiple temporalities which underlay each site. Evidence suggests that cillíní were in use from the medieval period (Dennehy, The Placeless Dead? 13; Finley 408) until late twentieth century when the custom waned after the Second Vatican Council in 1962 - 1965, however, burial has been recorded after this time as late as 1981 (Graham-George 2016)

The Forgotten Mothers of the Cillíní

Hidden away, folded within Ireland’s rural landscape, cillíní are historically, emotionally and politically complex sites. The landscapes of the cillíní are personal sites of mourning and remembrance for families whose stories have, in many cases, remained hidden away, as part of the burying process of a difficult history. Often referred to as Children’s Burial Grounds, cillíní were primarily used for babies who were still born, miscarried or who died at birth without baptism thus not qualifying for burial within consecrated ground. The word cillíní describes sites which have distinctly different histories in relation to their landscape contexts, narrative within the com-munities which they served and the multiple temporalities which underlay each site. Evidence suggests that cillíní were in use from the medieval period (Dennehy, The Placeless Dead? 13; Finley 408) until late twentieth century when the custom waned after the Second Vatican Council in 1962 - 1965, however, burial has been recorded after this time as late as 1981 (Graham-George 2016)

Climate Change, Business and Society:Building Relevance in Time and Space

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing humanity and has become an area of growing focus in Business & Society. Looking back and reviewing climate change discussion within this journal highlights the importance of time and space in addressing the climate crisis. Looking forward, we extend existing research by theorizing and politicizing the co-implication of time and space through the concept of “space-time.” To illustrate this, we employ the logical structure of “the trace” to advance business and society scholarship on climate change by shifting the focus to a place-bound emphasis on climate impacts and directing scholarship toward climate change’s temporal markers and material effects. By operationalizing “the trace,” we contribute to Business & Society debates in three ways: (a) reimagining complex stakeholder relations, (b) advancing a performative understanding of climate risk, and (c) foregrounding planetary systems and the physical environment

Response of coconut seedlings to elevated CO2 and high temperature in drought and high nutrient conditions

The interaction effect of climate change variables elevated CO2 and elevated temperature (ET) with drought and nutrients on growth and development of coconut seedlings was studied in an open top chamber (OTC) at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod. Seedlings were exposed to ambient (normal CO2 and temperature), elevated CO2 (550 and 700 ppm), ET (3 °C above ambient) and ET + elevated CO2 (550 ppm CO2 + 3 °C). In each OTC, a set of seedlings were subjected to drought (50% FC) and another set was maintained at 150 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Seedlings in elevated CO2 treatments accumulated significantly higher biomass. It was 1.13 and 1.98 kg seedling-1 with 550 and 700 ppm CO2 respectively as against 1.10 in ambient treatment. It was the least in ET treatment (0.91). The stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (Tr) of plants grown under elevated CO2 was reduced without affecting the photosynthesis. As a consequence, the whole plant WUE of coconut seedlings grown under elevated CO2 was high both under control and drought condition. The WUE significantly reduced both in high temperature and drought stressed plants. Elevated CO2 to certain extent compensated for water stress and high temperature induced reduction in growth of coconut

Development of a core outcome set for oral health services research involving dependent older adults (DECADE): a study protocol

Background: Oral healthcare service provision for dependent older adults is often poor. For dental services to provide more responsive and equitable care, evidence-based approaches are needed. To facilitate future research, the development and application of a core outcome set would be beneficial. The aim of this study is to develop a core outcome set for oral health services research involving dependent older adults. Methods: A multi-step process involving consensus methods and including key stakeholders will be undertaken. This will involve identifying potentially relevant outcomes through a systematic review of previous studies examining the effectiveness of strategies to prevent oral disease in dependent older adults, combined with semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. Stakeholders will include dependent older adults, family members, carers, care-home managers, health professionals, researchers, dental commissioners and policymakers. To condense and prioritise the long list of outcomes generated by the systematic review and semi-structured interviews, a Delphi survey consisting of several rounds with key stakeholders, as mentioned above, will be undertaken. The 9-point Likert scale proposed by the GRADE Working Group will facilitate this consensus process. Following the Delphi survey, a face-to-face consensus meeting with key stakeholders will be conducted where the stakeholders will anonymously vote and decide on what outcomes should be included in the finalised core outcome set. Discussion: Developing a core set of outcomes that are clinically and patient-centred will help improve the design, conduct and reporting of oral health services research involving dependent older adults, and ultimately strengthen the evidence base for high-quality oral health care for dependent older adults. Trial registration: The study was registered with the COMET initiative on 9 January 2018 http://www.cometinitiative.org/studies/details/1081?result=true

Citostatsko i protuupalno djelovanje polisaharida biljke Ganoderma lucidum

In this study, polysaccharides were isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (Polyporaceae) and their antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using in vivo models. Potential antitumor activity was shown by G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) against solid tumor induced by Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma cells. GLP at 100 mg kg–1 body mass showed 80.8 and 77.6 % reduction in tumour volume and tumour mass, respectively, when administered 24 h after tumour implantation. Again, GLP at the same dose but when administered prior to tumour inoculation, showed 79.5 and 81.2 % inhibition of tumour volume and tumour mass, respectively. GLP showed significant dose-dependent activity in carrageenean-induced (acute) and formalin-induced (chronic) inflammation assays. At 100 mg kg–1, GLP exhibited 57.6 and 58.2 % inhibition in carrageenean-induced and formalin-induced assays, respectively.U radu je ispitano in vivo citostatsko i protuupalno djelovanje polisaharida (GLP) izoliranih iz biljke Ganoderma lucidum (Polyporaceae). Ispitivani polisaharidi pokazali su potencijalno antitumorsko djelovanje na Ehrlichov ascitesni tumor. GLP su u dozi od 100 mg kg1 tjelesne mase inhibirali volumen tumora za 80,8, a njegovu masu za 77,6 %, kada su primijenjeni 24 h nakon implantacije tumora. Ako se GLP daju u istoj dozi prije inokulacije tumora, inhibiraju volumen tumora za 79,5, a njegovu masu za 81,2 %. GLP pokazuju značajno, o dozi ovisno, protuupalno djelovanje u karagenan testu (akutna upala) i formalin testu (kronična upala). U dozi od 100 mg kg1, GLP inhibiraju upalne procese za 57,6 odnosno 58,2 % u testu s karagenanom, odnosno formalinom