A study of compliance management in information systems research

Regulatory compliance has become a critical concern for many industries around the globe and investment to achieve compliance has increased drastically inline with that concern. While Information Systems (IS) are considered a part of the support architecture, anecdotal evidence suggests that organisations struggle with finding the right tools and guidance on approaches for compliance management. For this reason, we undertake a review of the current research on compliance management topics in the Information Systems domain, with the ultimate goal to carry out a gap-analysis between research-based solutions and the current needs of compliance management professionals. In this paper, we consider thirteen Information Systems journals and perform an exhaustive analysis of the type of compliance management research published at these venues in the last five years. The analysis found forty-five relevant articles, which were then further classified depending on the type of their contribution. The results of the analysis suggest that IS research in managing compliance has received increasing attention in the recent years. The study also suggests that research has predominantly focussed on exploratory studies, rather than proposition of solutions that can assist organizations in their compliance management regimens

Correlation Of Hematocrit And Hemoglobin With Obesity, Serum Lipids And Aldosterone In Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients

To determine the relationship of obesity indicators with certain hemodynamic and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, at the initial diagnosisof hypertension in a random population, in search of a treatable causeMethods: A case control study was conducted on 201 subjects aged between 25-60 years, diagnosed primarily as prehypertensive or hypertensive stage Iand II , selected from five general practitioners clinics in Karachi. Estimated of hematocrit, hemoglobin, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, serumpotassium level and aldosterone was done. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were calculated by measuring body weight, height, waist and hipcircumference. The values obtained were compared with 75 controls with normal blood pressure.The mean and standard deviation were computed. Analysis was done by SPSS version 15.LSD test was applied to compare pair-wise group. Pearson’scorrelation was applied to find out association of different variables with one another, within each of the four groupsResults: The overall percentages of overweight and obese subjects were higher in all four groups. The mean hematocrit and hemoglobin levels werehighest in HTN stage –I (44.7±5.25 and15.4±2.20 respectively). Hemoglobin was strongly correlated to systolic blood pressure and waist hip ratio in bothhypertension stages-I and II (p<0.01). Whereas hematocrit was positively correlated to body mass index, triglycerides, serum potassium and aldosteronelevels in both stages of hypertension (p<0.01)Conclusion: High hematocrit, hemoglobin, triglyceride levels, visceral fat accumulation and aldosterone secretion are important and independent riskfactors for hypertension

Efficacy of intravenous hydration versus amino acid infusion in idiopathic oligohydramnios

Objective: To compare the efficacy of intravenous hydration and amino acid infusion in cases of isolated oligohydramnios.Methodology: A single blind randomized clinical trial conducted in Dept of Obs/Gynae, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat, from 12-06-2019 to 11-12-2019. A total of 104 mothers having isolated oligohydramnios were randomized into two groups for administration of 6 drips of normal saline (group-A) or amino acid infusion (group- B). The AFI was measured before and after the infusions. The sum total of these four values was AFI in centimeter. The normal AFI in term gestation is taken as 12.9±4.6cm. The rise in AFI was studied and analyzed.Results: In group-A vs group-B, the mean maternal age was 32.1±4.4 vs 31.0±5.5 yrs, Mean Gestational age was 29.1±2.9 vs 29.0±3.1 wks, mean BMI was 34.6±9.7 vs29.1±5.7 Kg/m2. In both groups majority was multigravida. Mean AFI at first presentation was comparable in both groups (3.78±0.56 vs 3.73±0.36). Mean AFI after six drips was significantly higher in group-B. (4.79 ±0.65 vs 6.82±0.62; p<0.001). Similarly, change of AFI showed significant increase in group-B when compared with group-A (1.0±031 vs 3.09±0.70; p<0.001). Stratification for age, gestational age, BMI and parity was also carried out.Conclusion: Intravenous amino acid is an effective therapy for improving AFI and is beneficial in management of isolated oligohydramnios

Zika Virus, Microcephaly and its Possible Global Spread

Zika virus is an arbovirus that is spreading at an alarming state in the American continents and now in Asian countries. The Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors for the spread of this virus beside other ways of transmission. Currently, there are no vaccines or drugs available for its treatment. The Zika virus–related microcephaly cases are reported in fetuses of pregnant women who got this viral infection. However, the exact mechanism of Zika virus and microcephaly is still not established. Here we review Zika virus epidemiology, its unusual relationship with microcephaly in fetuses and current scientific research progress on it

FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF AMLODIPINE AND ROSUVASTATIN

Objective: Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDT) are most accepted and exploited for the drug delivery for the patients who are having difficulty with swallowing i.e., mainly pediatric's and Geriatric's. Amlodipine besylate (ADB) is an anti-hypertensive and it is also used in many Coronary artery diseases, Whereas Rosuvastatin Calcium (RSC) is an anti-hyperlipidemia that prevents of Atheroma. In the present study a combination of ADB, RSC is formulated into a mouth dissolving tablet using three super disintegrants such as Croscarmellose Sodium (CCS), Cross povidone (CP), Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) at various concentrations to enhance the disintegration and dissolution of ADB, RSC to improve bioavailability of the drugs Methods: The tablets were prepared by using direct compression method and evaluated for weight variations, Hardness, Friability, Wetting time, disintegration time (DT) and Dissolution study. Prepared tablets are subject to FT-IR Study for Characterization and compatibility study. Results: No Chemical interaction between drug and excipients were indicated in the FT-IR. Disintegration and dissolution profiles decreases with addition of super disintegrating agents like Croscarmellose Sodium (CCS), Cross povidone (CP), Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG). Conclusion: Among all the formulation F12 with CP in 5% and SSG 5% Concentration found to be best in drug release profile

DRUG UTILIZATION AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN UNSTABLE ANGINA/ NON- ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN KARACHI

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate drug utilization and the economic impact of anticoagulants for the treatment of unstable angina (UA)/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in Karachi.Methods: A prospective study of prescriptions was conducted in private and public tertiary care hospitals (University of medical education and research) situated in Karachi. The purpose of prescriptions review was to examine the utilization and cost analysis of anticoagulants (enoxaparin, dalteparin and fondaparinux) in hospitalized patients of UA/ NSTEMI during treatment course of 2-8 days. Information of prescribed drugs was obtained from the medical records whereas patient demographics and socioeconomic status were reported through patients/relatives interviews. Data of 487 UA/NSTEMI patients admitted were analyzed during the study period of 2013-2014.Results: Data of 487 UA/NSTEMI hospitalizations demonstrated the increased number of prescriptions for enoxaparin, it was found to be widely used anticoagulant in the public and private organizations in Karachi. Enoxaparin attributed by 70% of drug utilization comparative to 24.8% fondaparinux and 5.1 % dalteparin. Though, economic contribution was in favor of fondaparinux by reducing total drug cost of $21 with enoxaparin and$ 32 in contrast of dalteparin on the basis of once daily dose in the conservative management of unstable angina/non-ST elevated myocardial infarction.Conclusion: In patients with unstable angina (UA)/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), enoxaparin was found to be most widely prescribed low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) among other available alternatives. However, economic assessment considered fondaparinux as cost saving therapeutic agent for initial conservative management of 2-8 days, added financial benefits over current therapies in the treatment of UA/NSTEMI.Â

A comparative study of supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach for central venous catheterization in neurosurgical patients

Background: Central venous cannulation is a commonly performed procedure in neurosurgical patients to maintain the hemodynamic stability in the intraoperative period. It is used for infusion of intravenous fluids, vasopressors central venous pressure monitoring and detection of air embolism. Subclavian vein is commonly performed as there are minimal effects of positioning on it. Supraclavicular approach to subclavian vein cannulation is not as frequently employed as the infraclavicular approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the supraclavicular approach versus the infraclavicular approach in terms of number of attempts, success rate of catheterization and complications associated with the procedure.Methods: About 150 patients undergoing various neurosurgical procedures were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups. 75 patients underwent right supraclavicular catheterization of subclavian vein while as 75 patients underwent right infraclavicular catheterisation of the subclavian vein. The number of attempts for cannulation, success or failure of catheterization and any complications associated with the procedure or in the postoperative period were noted in each group. The data was compared between the two groups by using Chi-square test and Student’s Independent Samples T-test.Results: The right supraclavicular vein was successfully cannulated in 90.66% while as the right infraclaviclar vein was successfully cannulated in 96% of the patients (p >0.05). Malpositioning of catheter (threaded in contralateral subclavian) was noted in 4 patients in Group S and ipsilateral internal jugular vein in 2 patients. Pneumothorax was encountered in 1 patient in the group S undergoing supraclavicular subclavian vein cannulations while as subclavian arterial puncture was seen in 4 patients who underwent infraclavicular arterial puncture.Conclusions: There was no difference in successive cannulations between right the supraclavicular and right infraclaviclar veins. The rate of complications between the two approaches was comparable

Representation of Women in Mann O Salwa: A Case Study through Feminist Stylistic Analysis

This descriptive study makes an attempt to analyze Mann o Salwa from the perspective of feminist stylistics to investigate how Pakistani female author represents women in her novel Mann o Salwa by utilizing analysis of transitivity choices. This paper argues that the prevailing image of women in Pakistani society and literature is passive, negative, distorted, submissive, and dependent. This research aims to explore whether female authors have succeeded in abolishing the unenthusiastic negative and passive image of women in Pakistani society or their writings are also socially influenced because it is commonly believed that it is always a male author who portrays negative and distorted image of women, in this paper the researcher has tried explore whether female authors present a positive image of women or not. Analysis of mental and material process of female protagonists has proved to be useful in answering the question of negativity and passivity of women. The result revealed that female authors’ writings to some extent are socially influenced. They partially portray them passive and dependent on man. Their actions are actually the reaction of men’s action on them as they are equally exploited by men and other women in society. They are oppressed as well as oppressors. Being a feminist research this study enhances the awareness of the society. Most of the women in the novel are portrayed negative and oppressors.

Textbook Evaluation of English for Academic Purposes by British Council

The present study evaluates the course book English for Academic Purposes recommended by British Council in Pakistan. It is a collaborated effort of British Council and Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to enhance the English language skills of Pakistani students. The researcher has evaluated the effectiveness of this book that is it fulfilling the theoretical needs of International standards? Bloom’s taxonomy (1956) of Learning Domains is used because it is most appropriate for the evaluation the textbooks. The researcher has evaluated the course book on different levels e.g. cognitive, affective and psycho-motor with the help of Blooms taxonomy. This is a qualitative research basically though the frequencies of the certain words (verbs) are also find out. The researcher has used find out that which areas of learning process are focused and which are ignored in the textbook. The research is important as it will find out the strapping as well as frail areas of the course book and this information may be helpful for the improvement of the course book. Moreover this research has opened new horizons for further studies in the field of textbook evaluation