Comparison of different stains in imprint cytology with the conventional diagnostic tools in detection of Helicobacter pylori infection

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of infection is imperative for the cure of distressing symptoms and prevention of complications. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate imprint cytology of gastric biopsy specimens as a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool and its comparison with conventional diagnostic tests. Materials and Methods: Antral biopsies were collected from 130 patients and evaluated for H. pylori infection by imprint cytology and histopathological examination by different stains and rapid urease test (RUT). Histopathological features of gastric biopsy specimens were also assessed. Results: A total of 118 patients showed H. pylori infection by two or more methods. Giemsa histology showed highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden′s Index (YI). Among imprint cytology stain methods, toluidine blue showed highest sensitivity and highest YI was obtained for PAP stain. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric mucosa changes like chronic active gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, ulceration and carcinoma. Imprint cytology has high sensitivity and comparable predictive values to conventional diagnostic tools-histopathological examination and RUT in the detection of H. pylori infection

Malignant Mixed Epithelial Tumour of Ovary-Serous Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinoma with Tubo-Ovarian Torsion: A Rare Tumour with Rare Presentation

Ovarian torsion can be associated with various pathophysiological factors. Most commonly, benign epithelial ovarian tumours present with torsion. We present an unusual case of mixed malignant epithelial ovarian tumour with a predominant component of high-grade serous cystadenocarcinoma (85%) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (15%) in a patient who presented with acute lower abdomen. The tumour was associated with tubo-ovarian torsion

Case Report Imprint Cytological Diagnosis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to Liver Case Report

Abstract The liver is a common visceral site for metastatic tumours. Radiological features of the liver, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathological evaluation (HPE) of liver nodules have a significant role in pre-operative diagnosis of liver lesions. In an intraoperative setting, frozen section biopsy plays a major diagnostic modality but the role of imprint cytology of liver nodules is also appealing. Imprint cytology is a valuable and precise tool in diagnosing the lesions for a rapid intraoperative diagnosis. This study presents a case of colorectal cancer liver metastasis diagnosed by imprint cytology intraoperatively. Keywords: cytology, frozen section, imprint, intraoperative, liver, metastasis Case Report A 28 years old female presented with abdominal pain and chronic diarrhoea. Subsequently, she underwent a full length colonoscopy which showed multiple polyps studded in the entire colon with a large polypoidal lesion about 5 cm from the anal verge. A colonoscopic biopsy of the lower end lesion was suggestive of tubulovillous adenoma of colorectum with moderate dysplasia. She was diagnosed with a case of polyposis colon. There was no family history of polyposis colon or colonic malignancy. She underwent routine blood investigation and a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen. There was no evidence of metastasis and she was taken up for surgery. Intraoperatively there was a 5 mm lesion detected in the left lobe of the liver. A nonanatomical resection of the lesion was done. Imprint cytology smears were prepared by gentle touch (no gliding movement, so as to prevent distortion of cell shape and morphology) on the liver nodule, fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol for 6 seconds and stained with rapid hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain (Source: BIOLAB DIAGNOSTICS, INDIA-3 minutes staining of H&E with no need of decolourisation and results comparable with conventional H&E staining) and papanicolaou (PAP) stain, the liver nodule was then processed for histopathological evaluation. The imprint cytology showed few clusters of elongated tumour cells with hyperchromatic dark nuclei amidst the background of benign hepatocytes 88 Malays J Med Sci. Jul-Oct 2013; 20(4): 88-9

Imprint Cytological Diagnosis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to Liver

The liver is a common visceral site for metastatic tumours. Radiological features of the liver, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathological evaluation (HPE) of liver nodules have a significant role in pre-operative diagnosis of liver lesions. In an intraoperative setting, frozen section biopsy plays a major diagnostic modality but the role of imprint cytology of liver nodules is also appealing. Imprint cytology is a valuable and precise tool in diagnosing the lesions for a rapid intraoperative diagnosis. This study presents a case of colorectal cancer liver metastasis diagnosed by imprint cytology intraoperatively

Screening of β-thalassaemia trait by means of red cell indices and derived formulae

Context: Thalassaemias are a group of genetic disorders with tremendous morbidity and mortality that are present widely across the globe. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the usefulness of automated haematology analyser-based red cell indices and formulae derived from these indices in β-thalassaemia trait (BTT) detection. Settings and Design: Prospective study conducted over a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods: The study included 301 cases with mild-to-moderate reduction in haemoglobin (Hb) with a lower cut-off value of 8 g/dl. Automated haematology analysis was done by using an "Arcus Diatron" (2000) for all these cases. A cut-off value of mean cell volume (MCV) 3.5%). Indices like RDW, RDW with low MCV, MCH, RDWI and DS were found to have a better discriminating function (higher Youden′s index) compared with RBCC, MDHL and MI. Conclusion: Automated haematology analyser-based red cell indices and certain formulae derived from these indices have a high predictive value in screening BTT

Intraoperative diagnosis of glioblastomamultiforme with oligodendroglial and sarcomatous components

Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary brain tumor and the most malignant neoplasm, can have the most heterogeneous morphological presentation. Along with classical morphological features, areas of oligodendroglial component and mesenchymal differentiation may be seen. The present case was a rare case of glioblastoma presenting with sarcomatous and oligodendroglial components. The case was diagnosed intraoperatively by squash and touch cytology and later on confirmed by histopathological study

Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of community- and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with special reference to inducible clindamycin resistance in a tertiary care hospital in southern India

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community infections. Its prevalence varies markedly across different countries and among hospitals of the same country. Aims and Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of MRSA strains and investigate their antibiogram with special reference to inducible clindamycin resistance. Materials and Methods: All S. aureus isolates obtained from the clinical samples of microbiology laboratory were included in the study. All the isolates were identified by standard methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected by combined cefoxitin and oxacillin disk diffusion method. Results were interpreted as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: A total of 362 S. aureus strains were isolated, of which 36.1% (131/362) isolates were MRSA. Of these, 79.4% (104/131) were hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and 20.6% (27/131) were community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Inducible clindamycin [macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLS B )] resistance (D test) among MRSA isolates was 12.3% (16/131). HA-MRSA isolates showed 12.5% (13/104) D test positivity, as compared to 11.2% (3/27) seen in CA-MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The reported rate of MRSA incidence is alarming. Regular surveillance of hospital-acquired infections, isolation nursing of patients who carry MRSA, monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and formulation of a definite antibiotic policy may be helpful