Highly efficient (Cs8V) superatom-based spin-polarizer

Quantum transport through molecules and the possibility to manipulate spin has generated tremendous excitement. Here, we demonstrate unusual spin transport through a molecule of twoCs8V magnetic superatoms. Calculations based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green’s function methods find a much higher current for the spin-down charge carriers relative to the spin-up carriers in the model Au–(Cs8V)–(Cs8V)–Au device system with almost 100% spin polarization, indicating a highly efficient spin polarizer. The new behavior is rooted in strong coupling of the localized magnetic core on V and the itinerant electrons of the Cs shell atoms leading to nearly full spin polarization

Navigating the uncommon: a comprehensive case study of multiple gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumor

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have varied pathophysiological characteristics, location, clinical presentation, management & outcome. Unfortunately, most NETs are non-functional and therefore, either remain asymptomatic until incidentally detected or present very late with pressure symptoms, adding up to the associated morbidity and mortality. Here we presented a case of a 43-year gentleman, who presented to gastroenterology OPD with chief complaints of heartburn and pain in the upper abdomen for one year. He had an equivocal clinical examination and laboratory parameters. Upper GI endoscopy and computed tomography revealed multiple nodular growths in the D1 segment and pylorus of the stomach. He was successfully managed by wide local excision of D1 and distal stomach (pylorus) followed by Polya gastrojejunostomy reconstruction. Histopathology confirmed well-differentiated NETs, low Ki67, and positive for chromogranin and synaptophysin. This case draws attention to the early age of presentation of multifocal NETs with vague symptoms and equivocal clinical examination. Coexisting gastric NETs with duodenal NETs in itself is very rare, never the less non-functional status and pre-operative diagnostic dilemma. Here, we have also drawn attention to the pros and cons of various diagnostic tools and how their utility can sometimes limit the approach of clinicians, apart from a high index of suspicion

Entrepreneurial Attributes of Members of Self-Help Groups

ABSTRACT India being a democratic country with welfare orientation has recognized that the best way to tackle poverty and to enable the community to improve its quality of life is through social mobilization of poor especially the women into self-help groups (SHGs). SHGs are the informal groups where members come together toward collective action for a common cause Women in informal groups possessed certain qualities such as fellow-feeling, co-operation, cordiality, sympathy, understanding, leadership etc. among themselves. Attempts have been made to utilise all these potential qualities of the women for promoting their overall status through organising them into groups. .SHGs provides them space so that each of its members can identify and use opportunities for his/ her empowerment and capacity of the SHGs to relate effectively with other institutions. It is therefore imperative that SHGs are promoted in the way that facilitates the development of a participatory and empowering culture. Entrepreneurial attributes are the qualitative improvements in the members of SHGs after adopting income generating activities .The efficacy of the SHGs was studied in terms of enterprising functions viz; economic returns under SGSY and entrepreneurial attributes of group members. Effective group dynamics of SHGs might have resulted in better economic returns from micro-enterprises for livelihood security and developed qualitative improvements in the members of SHGs in the form of entrepreneurial attributes which are highly desirable in the members for becoming successful entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial attributes as affected by group dynamics was studied and presented. METHODOLOGY District Gurgaon in Haryana was selected as locale for conducting the study. It comprised of two regions viz; Mewat and Non-Mewat .The three blocks one in Mewat(Taoru) and two in Non-Mewat (Pataudi and Gurgaon) were selected for present investigation. The villages of three blocks where the 18 SHGs were physically located were the sampled villages and all the members of these SHGs were the sampled respondents .Therefore, a total of 3 blocks, 18 villages, 18 SHGs and 190 SHG members comprised the sample of the study. These SHGs had obtained finance from Govt .for starting entrepreneurial activities. Duly pre-tested semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect information. The data was coded, tabulated separately for Mewat and NonMewat regions and was analysed region-wise as well as for the total sample. The data was analysed by usin

Six senses while considering hydatid cyst as a differential for a swelling at nape of the neck: a case report

While cervical swellings usually are located in anterior midline like thyroglossal cyst, thyroid swellings, or in antero-lateral aspect of neck like cold abscess, branchial cyst, lymphangioma, cervical lymphadenopathy etc. Nape of the neck swelling is even less common with differentials including lipoma, sebaceous cyst, lymphangioma, etc. Hydatid cyst (HC) is often missed as a differential resulting in intraoperative surprises. This case report might change the mind of the readers to keep HC in back of their minds while approaching a case of swelling of the neck. Here we report a case of 15 years’ female who presented with swelling of nape of neck which on evaluation was inclining towards lipoma/epidermal cyst. With an intention for surgical exploration and excision, the patient was taken for operation, where we discovered it to be HC and the same was later confirmed by histopathology as well. Because of its rare presentation the primary diagnosis of HC is often missed out in spite of having sensitive cytology and imaging modalities. Hence, by reporting this case we intend to emphasize six facts a clinician, a radiologist and also a pathologist must consider while keeping primary HC at an unusual site as a differential diagnosis.

Antegrade common bile duct (CBD) stenting after laparoscopic CBD exploration

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has been found to be a safe, efficient and cost-effective treatment for choledocholithiasis. Following LCBDE, the clearance may be ascertained by a cholangiogram or choledochoscopy. The common bile duct (CBD) may be closed primarily with or without a stent in situ or may be drained by means of a T-tube or a biliary enteric anastomosis. Materials and Methods: In our series of 464 patients of choledocholithiasis, 100 patients underwent closure of the CBD with an indwelling antegrade stent following LCBDE. LCBDE was performed by direct massage of CBD, saline lavage, direct pickup with choledocholithotomy forceps or by basketing. Fragmentation of impacted stones in situ was performed in a few patients. Completion choledochoscopy was performed by means of a pediatric bronchoscope. A 10-cm, 7 Fr. double-flap biliary stent was placed in situ after LCBDE. Results: There was no mortality in the series. There was no conversion either. The median duration of the operation was 75 min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days. One patient had a minor postoperative biliary leak. One patient had a right sub-hepatic collection. Four patients developed postoperative port infection. The stents were removed endoscopically after 4 weeks. Sixty-eight patients could be followed up till 1 year. There has been no incidence of residual disease and the patients on follow-up are asymptomatic. Conclusion: In our experience, a single stage laparoscopic treatment of cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis is a safe, viable and cost-effective option. Closure of the CBD over an antegrade stent is a feasible option but requires advanced skills in minimal access surgical techniques, especially endosuturing. The procedure may be performed safely in expert hands without mortality and with negligible morbidity

PSEUDOANEURYSM OF INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY

An unusual cause of vaginal bleeding after total abdominal hysterectomy is being reported. Histopathology revealed adenomyosis uteri and bilateral ovarian cyst. On examination there was a single lump in the hypogastrium and left iliac fossa. Auscultation revealed a faint continuous hum. On digital rectal examination, a bulge was felt, while per vaginal examination revealed mucosal congestion and bulging of mucosa. Ultrasound revealed a mass posterior to the urinary bladder. Duplex study demonstrated the yin-yang sign suggestive of a pseudo-aneurysm .CT Angiography was confirmatory and demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm arising from the left internal iliac artery. Patient underwent surgery. Postoperative period was uneventful. The commonest cause of IIA aneurysm is atherosclerosis. Other causes are arteritis, collagen vascular disease, infection, and trauma. An important subgroup is young females, who have undergone difficult delivery, forceps delivery or caesarian section or abdominal hysterectomy IIA aneurysms are usually discovered incidentally on pelvic imaging for any other indication. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment but endovascular procedures are gaining ground

Irreducible inguinal hernia with appendices epiploicae in the sac

Inguinal hernia has a nature to surprise surgeons with its unexpected contents. Appendix epiploicae alone in the hernial sac is a rare entity and that too if hypertrophied and presenting as irreducible hernia is still more uncommon. We report a 52-year-old male with complains of irreducible inguinal mass with little pain on Left side for seven days. A diagnosis of irreducible inguinal hernia was made and the patient was treated laparoscopically by Trans-Abdominal Pre-Peritoneal Mesh Hernioplasty (TAPP). As a surprise, content of the hernial sac was enlarged / hypertrophied appendix epiploicae of sigmoid colon with appendigitis. Patient also had and incidental hernia on the other side, which was repaired in the same sitting. Postoperative recovery of the patient was excellent

Ipsilateral occult hernias during endoscopic groin hernia repair

Endoscopic repair of groin hernias allows the surgeon to have a complete view of the groin and pelvis to diagnose occult hernias both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. These occult hernias can then be treated simultaneously and may reduce the incidence of recurrence and persistent symptoms. The authors present four unusual cases where occult hernias were found ipsilaterally during an endoscopic repair. All these occult hernias were treated along with the clinically diagnosed hernia at the same surgery with excellent results and no post-operative morbidity