Psychosis in Children: What is our present state of knowledge

Psychotic disorders are severe devastating illnesses that can seriously compromise the quality of life of many patients. Special considerations are needed for special patient populations such as, children and adolescents, as the developmental stage may greatly influence the clinical presentation and outcome. The vast bulk of research on psychosis has excluded children with psychotic disorders. The existence of childhood psychoses was discussed and denied for many years especially due to distinct definitions and different classifications that kept changing over time. Today, childhood psychosis is a well known entity (Tengan & Maia, 2004)

Parenting, a Challenge in the New Millennium: Implications for Mental Health of Children

Adolescence is the transition phase between childhood and adulthood, characterized by psychological and biological changes, extending from the onset of puberty to the attainment of physical maturity and adulthood. In our country, it probably starts at 15 years when the preparations for entry into professional courses begin, and not at 11 years as mentioned in text books. Parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviours that work individually or together to influence child outcomes. It prepares the child to enter into the next phase of life. When we compare the conventional role of a to-day’s child with that of yesterday, i.e. two decades back, we find a sea difference. Two decades ago children were reared in a relatively protected environment and taught to be subservient to their elders. The male child was expected to acquire modest education and make a career or else join the family profession. He was to be the bread winner, supposed to help in family work; and, if need be, take up family responsibilities at an early stage. The female child was taught to be submissive, tolerant and compliant; to acquire only minimal education, but to be proficient in domestic work (cooking, tailoring, home keeping etc.) so that she could adopt the primary role of a home maker. Most children did not have exposure to co-education. Introversion was encouraged, and mixing with the opposite sex considered a tabo

Analytic Reconstruction of a Two-Dimensional Velocity Field from an Observed Diffusive Scalar

Inverting an evolving diffusive scalar field to reconstruct the underlying velocity field is an underdetermined problem. Here we show, however, that for two-dimensional incompressible flows, this inverse problem can still be uniquely solved if high-resolution tracer measurements, as well as velocity measurements along a curve transverse to the instantaneous scalar contours, are available. Such measurements enable solving a system of partial differential equations for the velocity components by the method of characteristics. If the value of the scalar diffusivity is known, then knowledge of just one velocity component along a transverse initial curve is sufficient. These conclusions extend to the shallow-water equations and to flows with spatially dependent diffusivity. We illustrate our results on velocity reconstruction from tracer fields for planar Navier- Stokes flows and for a barotropic ocean circulation model. We also discuss the use of the proposed velocity reconstruction in oceanographic applications to extend localised velocity measurements to larger spatial domains with the help of remotely sensed scalar fields.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, In press at J. Fluid Mechanic

Production of nuclei and antinuclei in pp and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC

We present first results on the production of nuclei and antinuclei such as (anti)deuterons, (anti)tritons, (anti)3He and (anti)4He in pp collisions at \s = 7 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at \sNN = 2.76 TeV. These particles are identified using their energy loss (dE/dx) information in the Time Projection Chamber of the ALICE experiment. The Inner Tracking System gives a precise determination of the event vertex, by which primary and secondary particles are separated. The high statistics of over 360 million events for pp and 16 million events for Pb-Pb collisions give a significant number of light nuclei and antinuclei (Pb-Pb collisions: \sim30,000 anti-deuterons($\bar{d}$) and \sim4 anti-alpha($\bar{^4He}$)). The predictions of various particle ratios from the THERMUS model is also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, parallel talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 23rd-28th 2011, Annecy, Franc

Turbulence and Mixing in the Intracluster Medium

The intracluster medium (ICM) is stably stratified in the hydrodynamic sense with the entropy $s$ increasing outwards. However, thermal conduction along magnetic field lines fundamentally changes the stability of the ICM, leading to the "heat-flux buoyancy instability" when $dT/dr>0$ and the "magnetothermal instability" when $dT/dr<0$. The ICM is thus buoyantly unstable regardless of the signs of $dT/dr$ and $ds/dr$. On the other hand, these temperature-gradient-driven instabilities saturate by reorienting the magnetic field (perpendicular to $\hat{\bf r}$ when $dT/dr>0$ and parallel to $\hat{\bf r}$ when $dT/dr<0$), without generating sustained convection. We show that after an anisotropically conducting plasma reaches this nonlinearly stable magnetic configuration, it experiences a buoyant restoring force that resists further distortions of the magnetic field. This restoring force is analogous to the buoyant restoring force experienced by a stably stratified adiabatic plasma. We argue that in order for a driving mechanism (e.g, galaxy motions or cosmic-ray buoyancy) to overcome this restoring force and generate turbulence in the ICM, the strength of the driving must exceed a threshold, corresponding to turbulent velocities $\gtrsim 10 -100 {km/s}$. For weaker driving, the ICM remains in its nonlinearly stable magnetic configuration, and turbulent mixing is effectively absent. We discuss the implications of these findings for the turbulent diffusion of metals and heat in the ICM.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figs., submitted to the conference proceedings of "The Monster's Fiery Breath;" a follow up of arXiv:0901.4786 focusing on the general mixing properties of the IC

Rare Coinfection of Scrub Typhus and Malaria in Immunocompetent Person

Scrub Typhus, or tsutsugamushi disease is a febrile illness caused by bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae and named Orientia tsutsugamushi. Recently it has been found to endemic in Subhimalayan region of India.Malaria is highly endemic in rest of India but its prevalence is low in Subhimalayan region because of the altitude. We report a rare case of a patient having coinfection with scrub typhus and malaria

High-Symmetry Polarization Domains in Low-Symmetry Ferroelectrics

We present experimental evidence for hexagonal domain faceting in the ferroelectric polymer PVDF-TrFE films having the lower orthorhombic crystallographic symmetry. This effect can arise from purely electrostatic depolarizing forces. We show that in contrast to magnetic bubble shape domains where such type of deformation instability has a predominantly elliptical character, the emergence of more symmetrical circular harmonics is favored in ferroelectrics with high dielectric constant

Testing the Ginzburg-Landau approximation for three-flavor crystalline color superconductivity

It is an open challenge to analyze the crystalline color superconducting phases that may arise in cold dense, but not asymptotically dense, three-flavor quark matter. At present the only approximation within which it seems possible to compare the free energies of the myriad possible crystal structures is the Ginzburg-Landau approximation. Here, we test this approximation on a particularly simple "crystal" structure in which there are only two condensates $\sim \Delta \exp(i {\bf q_2}\cdot {\bf r})$ and $\sim \Delta \exp(i {\bf q_3}\cdot {\bf r})$ whose position-space dependence is that of two plane waves with wave vectors ${\bf q_2}$ and ${\bf q_3}$ at arbitrary angles. For this case, we are able to solve the mean-field gap equation without making a Ginzburg-Landau approximation. We find that the Ginzburg-Landau approximation works in the $\Delta\to 0$ limit as expected, find that it correctly predicts that $\Delta$ decreases with increasing angle between ${\bf q_2}$ and ${\bf q_3}$ meaning that the phase with ${\bf q_2}\parallel {\bf q_3}$ has the lowest free energy, and find that the Ginzburg-Landau approximation is conservative in the sense that it underestimates $\Delta$ at all values of the angle between ${\bf q_2}$ and ${\bf q_3}$.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures. Small changes only. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.