Design, Synthesis and studies directed towards the photophysical properties of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The cross conjugated molecules are also known as cruciforms, which effectively allow the HOMO-LUMO separation. The term Cruciform is used for diaxial chromophores in which the properties of the two axes can be manipulated upon suitable substitution with auxochromic substituents. Originally designed for molecular electronic applications, the discovery that these cruciforms possess a platform where Frontier Molecular Orbitals can be tuned, led to their investigative research as sensory flourophores. In the majority of organic chromophores, the HOMO and the LUMO are congruent. Thus, upon binding to an analyte both HOMO and LUMO are almost equally affected and hence large shifts in emission are not observed. However, with spatially separated donor and acceptor units the independently addressable FMOs can be used to modulate photophysical properties. Accordingly synthesis of a cross conjugated molecule having electron donor substituent on one branch and electron acceptor substituent on the other branch was undertaken and photophysical properties was studied. Synthesis of novel fluorene-containing ligands and their complexes with ruthenium and rhenium metal was also developed and the role of fluorene rings on Ruthenium bipyridine and Rhenium complexes were investigated

Cost variation analysis of oral anti-diabetic drugs

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and needs lifelong treatment. There are large numbers of oral anti-diabetic drugs available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are numerous brands available for each of the individual oral anti-diabetic drug. Thus, a study was planned to find out cost variation among different brands of same active oral anti-diabetic drug.Methods: Cost of a particular drug being manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from the price list provided by the pharmaceutical companies in Current Index of Medical Specialities (CIMS) (October 2017- January 2018). The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in price was analyzed.Results: Percentage cost variation of the commonly used drugs found was seen highest with Sulfonylureas (Glimepiride - 562%) followed by Metformin (492%) which was followed by Pioglitazone (488%), DPP-4 inhibitor Teneligliptin (231%), α- glucosidase inhibitors (Voglibose 284%), Meglitinides (Repaglinide 0.5mg 154%) and lowest was seen with Repaglinide 2mg (15%).Conclusions: There is very wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-diabetic drugs manufactured in India. The average percentage cost variation of different brands of the same oral anti diabetic drugs manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences

Current Control Technique for Three Phase Shunt Active Power Filter by Using Adaptive Hysteresis Current Controller

In today’s scenario due to market competition there is wide spread use of power electronic equipments in power system but these devises poses non-linear characteristics and fast switching action causes harmonics in the system. Harmonics is predominant power quality issue and generation of harmonics have adverse effect on sensitive equipments. These equipments will continue polluting the system more and more due to built-in compensation and sometimes for the lack of enforced regulations. Power quality issues are of biggest concern because poor power quality result in loss of reliability, increased cost and poor efficiency. Active power filters have been developed over There are different types of active power filters available among which shunt active power filter is extensively considered to eliminate the load current harmonics and reactive power compensation. In this work performance improvement of three-phase shunt active power filter to compensate harmonics current and reactive power to improve power quality is explained for three-phase systems. The insulated gate bipolar transistor based voltage source inverter with DC capacitor is used as active power filter. The shunt active filter employs instantaneous PQ theory for reference current generation. Adaptive hysteresis current controller is used for voltage source inverter switching signal generation and tuning of shunt active power filter which maintain the switching frequency the years to solve these problems to improve power quality by Harmonic Reduction. constant, hence overcoming the drawbacks of hysteresis band current controller. The shunt active power filter generates compensating signal which reduces the harmonic component of the system. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15033

Acceptance, safety and complications of postpartum intra uterine contraceptive device: a prospective study in tertiary care hospital

Background: Intrauterine contraceptive device is a long acting, effective and reversible method of contraception. It can be inserted post placental during vaginal or LSCS delivery and within 48 hours of delivery.  This study evaluates the acceptance, safety, side effects and complications associated with immediate post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion.Methods: The study was conducted at Hindu Rao Hospital and NDMC Medical College, Delhi for a period of 18 months. Patients admitted and delivered at Hindu Rao Hospital were counseled for PPIUCD, CuT 380 A / CuT 375 insertions and it was inserted within 10 minutes of delivery of placenta during vaginal delivery or LSCS or within 48 hours of delivery. Patients were followed at 6 weeks and then between 6 to 12 months of delivery for continuation, side effects or any complications.Results: After counseling 1253 (9.8%) patients agreed for PPIUCD insertion out of which 650 patients came for follow up. 46% women came for routine follow up while 54.06% came with one or the other complications. Missed thread was most common complications, followed by bleeding P/V and pain abdomen. Expulsion in 5.5% and CuT failure was seen in 0.92% women only. Removal of IUCD was done in 94 patients for one or other reasons. There was retention of PPIUCD in 84.5% while removal was done in 14.5% during period of 6 months to one year follow up. Missed thread was main cause of anxiety among acceptors.Conclusions: Immediate PPIUCD is safe and effective method of contraception with a high retention rate. Though acceptance in initial months was less but it gradually increased over time with increasing awareness, counseling of patients and training of health personnel

EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND FLEXIBILITY AMONG COLLEGE GOING GIRLS

Concern for the health-related phys­ical fitness of college going students has recently increased because of the current obesity epidemic. Therefore, the study designed to assess pre and post exposure height, weight, BMI (anthropometric) and flexibility (motor performance) characteristics among college going girls. An intervention package comprising sessions on physical education and physical activity was designed for the study participants. Participants were undergraduate college going girls (N=96) attending physical education class of one hour for one semester lasting for three months. Height, weight and BMI were noted. Flexibility test was used to test the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. Pre- and post-intervention changes in parameters were assessed using the paired ‘t’ test. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings exhibited significant differences between the pretest and post test scores with regard to the variables namely height, weight, BMI and flexibility. We conclude that the experimental group showed significant effect of physical education and physical activity on height, weight, BMI and physical flexibility. The study suggests a strong need for more active physical education programs that are appropriate for developing the fitness and improving the health status of college going students, especially females.  Article visualizations

Understanding health research ethics in Nepal

Unlike other countries in South Asia, in Nepal research in the health sector has a relatively recent history. Most health research activities in the country are sponsored by international collaborative assemblages of aid agencies and universities. Data from Nepal Health Research Council shows that, officially, 1,212 health research activities have been carried out between 1991 and 2014. These range from addressing immediate health problems at the country level through operational research, to evaluations and programmatic interventions that are aimed at generating evidence, to more systematic research activities that inform global scientific and policy debates. Established in 1991, the Ethical Review Board of the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) is the central body that has the formal regulating authority of all the health research activities in country, granted through an act of parliament. Based on research conducted between 2010 and 2013, and a workshop on research ethics that the authors conducted in July 2012 in Nepal as a part of the on‐going research, this article highlights the emerging regulatory and ethical fields in this low‐income country that has witnessed these increased health research activities. Issues arising reflect this particular political economy of research (what constitutes health research, where resources come from, who defines the research agenda, culture of contract research, costs of review, developing Nepal's research capacity, through to the politics of publication of data/findings) and includes questions to emerging regulatory and ethical frameworks