Clinical profile of tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus

Background: There is now good evidence that people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have 2–3 times the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) compared with those who do not have DM. The aim of the study was to analyze typical / atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine and General Medicine, SAIMS, Indore during the period of July 2012 to June 2014. A prospective study including 100 microscopically proven cases of sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Among these, 50 are diabetic patients with sputum positive tuberculosis and 50 are non-diabetic patients with sputum positive tuberculosis.Results: The mean age in diabetic group was 51.92±9.96 years. The mean age in non-diabetic group was 39.58±15.19 years. In the diabetic group, there were 38 (76.00%) male and 12 (24.00%) females, while in the non-diabetic group there were 40 (80.00%) males and 10 (20.00%) females. Fever, cough and weakness were the three most common symptoms seen in patients with tuberculosis in both the groups.Conclusions: There was a preponderance of male in both the groups over the female patients. There is no significant difference in the symptoms in both the groups

Quantum Coherence, Coherent Information and Information Gain in Quantum Measurement

A measurement is deemed successful, if one can maximize the information gain by the measurement apparatus. Here, we ask if quantum coherence of the system imposes a limitation on the information gain during quantum measurement. First, we argue that the information gain in a quantum measurement is nothing but the coherent information or the distinct quantum information that one can send from the system to apparatus. We prove that the maximum information gain from a pure state, using a mixed apparatus is upper bounded by the initial coherence of the system. Further, we illustrate the measurement scenario in the presence of environment. We argue that the information gain is upper bounded by the entropy exchange between the system and the apparatus. Also, to maximize the information gain, both the initial coherence of the apparatus, and the final entanglement between the system and apparatus should be maximum. Moreover, we find that for a fixed amount of coherence in the final apparatus state the more robust apparatus is, the more will be the information gain.Comment: 6 Pages, Comments are welcom

Banks, non-bank companies and stock exchange: do we know the relationship?

This paper investigates the role played by the banking sector in founding, sustaining and developing stock exchange markets. The paper has constructed data on market capitalisation separately for banks and non-bank companies. We apply cointegration techniques developed by Engle and Granger [1987] and Johansen [1988] and we bootstrap the variables to examine the nature of relationship between the banks and stock markets. We found that banks have played an important role in the development of stock exchanges. Further, the empirical analysis made amongst ten developed and developing exchanges suggests a listing of non-bank companies important for development of stock markets. These findings have also been verified by analysing the data of an exchange not included in the test

Analysis of indications of induction of labor and feto-maternal outcome in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) is an intervention that artificially initiates uterine contractions leading to progressive dilatation and effacement of cervix and expulsion of fetus prior to spontaneous onset of labor. Aim of study was to study the indications of induction of labor and the feto-maternal outcome. Methods: Women who underwent IOL beyond 28 weeks gestation with single cephalic presentation were included in the study over a period of one year. Results: A total of 3887 women delivered in the hospital during the study period. 1107 (28.47%) pregnant women underwent induction of labor. Most common indication of induction of labor was post-date pregnancy 682 (61.60%). About 64.52% had vaginal delivery, 30.71% had caesarean section and 4.6% had instrumental delivery, 1.80% PPH, 0.45% puerperal sepsis and 2.16% wound sepsis.  97% neonates with APGAR score more than 7and 1.08% neonates were admitted to NICU. There were 0.27% fresh still births and 0.45% birth asphyxia. Conclusions: Careful analysis of indication of induction of labor, selection of the patients, proper monitoring at the time of induction and strict partographic management of labor results in a healthy baby and mother.