MAGNETIC MICROSPHERE AN EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

  The drug delivery system has been advanced to release the drug according to the body requirement during the entire period of treatment and also for the delivery at the targeted site. Several novel drug delivery systems have emerged encompassing different route of administration to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery, magnetic microsphere carrier being one of them. Magnetic microsphere is an alternative to traditional radiation methods. As the traditional radiation methods use highly penetrating radiation that is absorbed throughout the body and cause side effects hence its use is limited. Therefore, a safe and effective alternate is needed like magnetic microsphere. The excessive circulating drug particles are minimized by this delivery system. Moreover, the aim of specific targeting is to enhance the effectiveness of drug delivery and at the same time to lessen the toxicity and side effects. Magnetic carriers receive magnetic responses to a magnetic field from incorporated materials that are used for magnetic microsphere are chitosan, dextran, etc. One of the most utilized magnetic microspheres is serum albumine whether from human or other suitable animals. Drug release from the albumin microsphere can be controlled by various stabilization procedures. Overall, the targeted magnetic microsphere is much valuable novel drug delivery system for what more work have to be done. By knowing the importance of all this, the present paper reviews the mechanism, preparation, and applications of magnetic microspheres. As the targeted drug delivery system implies selective and effective localization of drug into the target at therapeutic concentrations with limited access to non-target sites. Magnetic microspheres hold great promises for reaching the goal of controlled and site-specific drug delivery

Revisiting Masculinity and Othering in Diasporic Fiction

Contemporary literary discourse has extensively deliberated upon the construction of the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ that not only legitimizes the politics of othering but also gives rise to the crisis of masculinity in the context of diaspora. Against this background, this article aims to examine the aspects of masculinity in diasporic fiction with a special reference to Buchi Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen (1974), Joan Riley’s Waiting in the Twilight (1987), and Hanif Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia (1990). Deliberating upon the intersection of othering and masculinities, the present article intends to examine the experience of ‘masculinity crisis’ among men of colour in transnational settings. In this study, we explore what othering entails and how it threatens and disrupts men’s masculine self-concept, forcing them to negotiate respectable forms of male identity. A critical understanding and perspective on how the practice of othering causes a rupture in masculine identity may assist in understanding what men of colour are struggling with in a diasporic context and what types of intervention or mediation can mitigate or nullify the discursive practice of othering

PERCENTAGE YIELD OF VOLATILE OIL FROM WOOD DUST OF TREES FROM SAW MILL IN HIMALAYAN AREAS

ABSTRACTObjective: Trees with medicinal values have always been ignored and neglected from their inherent medicinal value. Instead of their medicinal use,such plants are widely used by carpenters and also by people for cooking. The irrational uses of such valuable flora are diminishing our medicinalplants' bank. There is no doubt that the uses of such plants by carpenters are a necessity of growing society. Then, we need to opt any other middleway to fulfill both the necessities from such valuable flora. By considering this, all the present study is focused on the extraction of volatile oil fromsawdust of Pinus roxburghii and Cedrela toona (SDPR and SDCT) was carried out in the present study.Methods: Here, in the present work, we have collected the fresh powder near from the running saw of working carpenter cutting Pinus roxburghiiwood and Cedrela toona wood into flat board. The SDPR and SDCT were then weighed and filled separately to two 500 ml round bottom flask, andclevenger apparatus assemblies were adjusted for both. The temperature was adjusted at75°C. Hydrodistillation was continued for 3 hrs.Result: The result revealed 0.5% v/w of volatile oil from SDPR in 3 hrs. The meniscus observed for SDCT is slightly blurred up to 0.5 ml (2 mm) whichwas considered as volatile oil. The total percentage so obtained was calculated as 0.25% v/w.Conclusion: The present study may guide to utilize the saw rust from pine and red cedar plant to isolate valuable medicinal constituents. Further, thestudy may help the researcher to use wood dust to research different ways.Keywords: Pinus roxburghii, Cedrela toona, Hydrodistillation, Herbal medicine

Novel technique for repairing episiotomy incisions to achieve optimal vaginal and perineal anatomy

Background: Episiotomy is one of the most commonly practiced obstetric procedures done to enlarge the diameter of the vulval outlet to facilitate the passage for the fetal head and prevent an uncontrolled tear of the perineal tissues in the second stage of labor. The study compared the effectiveness of the new technique with the standard technique in promoting proper tissue healing, reducing discomfort and minimizing the risk of complications. Methods: The prospective comparative study was conducted for duration of 15 years. Women who were primigravida, with singleton pregnancy, at term gestation, with vertex presentation were included in the study and women with multigravida, multiple pregnancy, preterms were excluded from the study. Episiotomies were performed either novel technique or traditional technique by random allocation and results were compared. Results: At 6 weeks and 1 year, 80% and 95% patients had no pain who had episiotomy repaired by novel technique. At one year follow up 1% patients had vaginal discharge who had episiotomy repaired by novel technique while 6% who had episiotomy repaired by traditional technique. 78% patients were psychologically satisfied with episiotomy repaired by novel technique. Conclusions: Novel technique of episiotomy suturing is recommended for less postoperative complications, cosmetic pleasing aesthetic outcome and psychological satisfaction

Impact of Radiation and Slip Conditions on MHD Flow of Nanofluid Past an Exponentially Stretched Surface

The current research establishes magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over an exponentially extending sheet embedded in a porous medium. During this exploration, nanoparticles, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are recruited, while lamp fuel oil is being utilised as a base fluid for the diffusion of nano materials. The effects of warm radiation and an inclined magnetic field are included. In addition, rather than no-slip assumptions at the surface, velocity slides as well as thermal upsurge are incorporated in this study. Similarity transformations are implemented to adapt a set of partial differential equations into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The bvp4c solver and Keller-box approach are employed to tackle nonlinear ordinary differential equations numerically. The significance of prominent parameters such as the Darcy Forchheimer model, magnetic field, radiation, suction, velocity slip, and temperature jump is visually probed and addressed in depth. In fact, the evolution of the coefficient of skin friction and percentage of heat shipping (Nusselt number) for both SWCNTs and MWCNTs is presented in tabular form. The temperature goes up as the magnetic parameter rises. Temperature has been seen to be decreased as the thermal slip parameter is improved. The results indicate that SWCNTs yield a higher coefficient of skin friction and speed of heat transformation than MWCNTs

The role of entanglement for enhancing the efficiency of quantum kernels towards classification

Quantum kernels are considered as potential resources to illustrate benefits of quantum computing in machine learning. Considering the impact of hyperparameters on the performance of a classical machine learning model, it is imperative to identify promising hyperparameters using quantum kernel methods in order to achieve quantum advantages. In this work, we analyse and classify sentiments of textual data using a new quantum kernel based on linear and full entangled circuits as hyperparameters for controlling the correlation among words. We also find that the use of linear and full entanglement further controls the expressivity of the Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM). In addition, we also compare the efficiency of the proposed circuit with other quantum circuits and classical machine learning algorithms. Our results show that the proposed fully entangled circuit outperforms all other fully or linearly entangled circuits in addition to classical algorithms for most of the features. In fact, as the feature increases the efficiency of our proposed fully entangled model also increases significantly

DIFFERENT MODELS TO EVALUATE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS-A REVIEW

Antimicrobial models have played a critical role in the history of modern drug development for microbial infections. Such antimicrobial models complement human investigations to study in detail pathogenic hypothesis and therapeutic strategies. To achieve this several new screening models have been produced. Various methods have been used for this purpose by using several microbes on different culture media. Such methods would help to provide new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of various microbial diseases of human. The present study therefore is focused on the review of such antimicrobial models

Quantum-inspired attribute selection algorithm: A Fidelity-based Quantum Decision Tree

A classical decision tree is completely based on splitting measures, which utilize the occurrence of random events in correspondence to its class labels in order to optimally segregate datasets. However, the splitting measures are based on greedy strategy, which leads to construction of an imbalanced tree and hence decreases the prediction accuracy of the classical decision tree algorithm. An intriguing approach is to utilize the foundational aspects of quantum computing for enhancing decision tree algorithm. Therefore, in this work, we propose to use fidelity as a quantum splitting criterion to construct an efficient and balanced quantum decision tree. For this, we construct a quantum state using the occurrence of random events in a feature and its corresponding class. The quantum state is further utilized to compute fidelity for determining the splitting attribute among all features. Using numerical analysis, our results clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm cooperatively ensures the construction of a balanced tree. We further compared the efficiency of our proposed quantum splitting criterion to different classical splitting criteria on balanced and imbalanced datasets. Our simulation results show that the proposed splitting criterion exceeds all classical splitting criteria for all possible evaluation metrics

A REVIEW ON COMMONLY USED BIOCHEMICAL TEST FOR BACTERIA

Bacteria are meant to be omnipresent and are mostly involved in lots of human microbial infections. Such bacterial infections can be identified by the different properties of this microorganism.  Bacteria are bearing several inherent properties. by using these properties we can differentiate, can check there presence and absence, can check their gram negative and gram positive nature and many more. The present review is therefore focused to combine different biochemical test in one article

Prevalence of female genital tract tuberculosis in suspected cases attending Gynecology OPD at tertiary centre by various diagnostic methods and comparative analysis

Background: The genital tract tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of tubal factor infertility. This study was conducted to compare the results of different diagnostic methods used in screening for female genital tuberculosis in suspected cases attending Gynecology OPD at RMC, Ajmer.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, J. L. N. Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, for studying incidence of genital tuberculosis by various diagnostic methods (viz. AFB smear examination, AFB Lowenstein Jensen culture method, TB-PCR and CBNAAT).Results: Prevalence of genital TB was 5.5% in study population of 200 selected women meting the inclusion criteria. 72% women were in between 20-30 years age group. Oligomenorrhoea (24%) was found to be significant symptom with P value of <0.05. TBPCR and CBNAAT were found to be statistically significant with P value of <0.001 for diagnosing FGTTB.Conclusions: We concluded that genital tuberculosis is paucibacillary disease, TBPCR and CBNAAT appears to be rapid and sensitive diagnostic modality