How economists cite literature: citation analysis of two core Pakistani economic journals

Selected volumes of the Pakistan Development Review (PDR) and the Pakistan Economic and Social Review (PESR) were analysed to find the citation pattern of their articles. Eight volumes of each journal were selected, two volumes representing a decade. The results revealed that the PDR has been the most cited journal. The mean score of citations per article remained insignificantly different in the two core journals. More than 50 per cent of the citations from both journals were single-authored. More than 50 per cent of the citations were from non-journal sources, mainly books. Although citations from online sources were seen, it was a negligible number. About 47 per cent of the total citations of the PDR were up to five years old compared with the citations of the PESR, where only 25 per cent fell into this category. Most of the authors used foreign books as citations. There is a significant similarity in the top most cited journals in both cases. Most of the frequently cited journals were from the USA

Impact of computer training on professional library activities in Pakistan

Report on a survey of alumni of the Pakistan Library Association’s Computer Training Center in Lahore to determine the impact of the Certificate in Library Automation (CLA) on librarianship in Pakistan. The survey provided information on: the profile of the respondents; their participation in computer training before and after taking the CLA; the impact of their training on their success in job seeking; their access to and use of computers; their participation in library automation projects and other auto-mation related activities; and suggestions regarding further courses and the improvement of the Training Centre. The results showed that the courses were attended mainly by comparatively young professional librarians, most of whom were working in Lahore. Their computer training contributed a lot to their success in getting new jobs. Most of them had access to computer facilities in their offices and use them daily, and have participated significantly in automation activities in their libraries. Many also applied their computing knowledge in writing books, articles, delivering lectures and providing consultancy services. Many suggestions were made for improving the courses

The ebbing hegemon? An evolutionary perspective on the emergence of holistic governance and the efficient role of Institutional Investors in Environmental, Social and Governance issues (ESG)

This paper seeks to chronicle the roots of corporate governance form its narrow shareholder perspective to the current bourgeoning stakeholder approach while giving cognizance to institutional investors and their effective role in ESG in light of the King Report III of South Africa. It is aimed at a critical review of the extant literature from the shareholder Cadbury epoch to the present day King Report novelty. We aim to: (i) offer an analytical state of corporate governance in the Anglo-Saxon world, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Far East Asia and Africa; and (ii) illuminate the lead role the king Report of South Africa is playing as the bellwether of the stakeholder approach to corporate governance as well as guiding the role of institutional investors in ESG

Potentials and Challenges for Student Teachers in Using Productive Pedagogies in their Field Experience

The aim of this paper is to report on an ongoing doctoral study designed to introduce Saudi primary student teachers to the Productive Pedagogies framework in a final year preservice unit in mathematics education, and to investigate its usefulness to guide their practice during their field experience. The focus of this paper is to report on the student teachers' ability to implement the framework in their teaching and to identify any difficulties they have encountered. Each of the participating six student teachers was observed five times during the whole semester for evidence of implementation of the four dimensions of the framework. The observations were followed by individual discussion with the student and their lecturer. In addition, a focus group was conducted with all the participating students at the conclusion of the period of observation to investigate their understanding and views about the use of the framework. The findings indicated that, while the student teachers faced challenges in using Productive Pedagogies in their practice and some of the main dimensions were not highly implemented, there was clear evidence of increasing implementing of each dimension by student teachers over the duration of the observation period

Surviving in Africa: the response of multinational corporations to institutional deficiencies and their broader moral implications

Developing a lasting strategy to survive in the African business landscape would be incomplete without careful considerations of the role of culture and corruption in the region. This chapter aimed at understanding how multinationals operating in the Nigerian pharmaceutical landscape in the last fifty years have responded to corruption in the region. By conducting eleven in-depth interviews with managers from across different levels of two major American pharmaceutical multinationals, the research uncovered a dominant bureaucratic culture of compliance. From this culture emerged five different response strategies employed by these multinationals in responding to the institutional deficiencies in the region. This paper concludes by discussing the likely impact of these on employee moral capacities

Public Policy Barricading the Foreign Arbitral Award: A Comparative Analysis between UK, USA & France

The concept of public policy in International Arbitration is still extremely contentious, controversial, and complicated in modern times. Although legislation related to arbitration and practise have attempted to harmonise public policy so that parties may benefit from a globally recognised idea, judicial courts have made this effort almost difficult by giving a very loose & broad definition in the name of public policy. Moreover, the New York Convention gives little direction to national courts on how to interpret the public policy claim. In the name of local contract laws and fundamental principles of a nation, judge keeps hampering the enforcement of foreign award. Internal Law Association attempted to resolve this contention but couldn't come up with a definite definition which limits the policy in a closed structure. Despite the ambiguity of the issue, national courts in most developed arbitral countries interpret public policy narrowly. Because industrialised countries' courts typically see arbitral awards as a separate aspect of public policy; they are pro-enforcement. In this article we will comprehensively elaborate this attitude, legislation and case law study of developed nations like USA, UK and France

Antecedents of self-disclosure on social networking sites (SNSs): A study of Facebook users

Self-disclosure on social networking sites (SNSs) leads to social capital development, connectedness, and relationship building. Due to several benefits associated with this behavior, self-disclosure has become a subject of research over the last few years. The current study investigates the antecedents of self-disclosure under the lens of the technology acceptance model (TAM). The research is quantitative, and the data were collected from 400 Pakistani Facebook users with a variety of demographic characteristics. The partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) analysis technique was employed to analyze the data. The study′s findings confirmed that perceived usefulness is a strong predictor of personal information sharing, and it along with other variables causes a 31% variation in self-disclosure behavior. However, trust (medium and social) mediates the relationship of perceived usefulness, privacy concerns, and self-disclosure behavior

A citation analysis of Pakistan Economic and Social Review

Selected volumes of Pakistan Economic and Social Review were analyzed to find out citation pattern of their articles. Eight volumes of the journal were selected representation two volumes from a decade. The results revealed that a peer local journal Pakistan Development Review has been the most cited journal in the cited literature under study. Sixty percent of the citations were single-authored. More than 50 percent of the citations were from non-journal sources maintly books. Although citations from onoine sources were seen but in a negligible number. The age of about 25 percent of the total citations was five years. Most of the authors used foreign books as citations. Most the greatly cited journals were from the USA

Novel genetic associations with common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequently encountered primary immunodeficiency disorder in clinical practice and is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality for patients. The main clinical features are hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections and autoimmune disorders. Unlike the majority of primary immunodeficiency disorders, pinpointing a specific genetic association has been challenging. The objective of this work was to use next generation sequencing (NGS) technology in the form of whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic associations with CVID. Candidate patients were selected based on parental consanguinity and availability of clinical specimens from them and their family members. Whole exome sequencing was performed and identified potential mutations which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, followed by characterization of the novel mutations by immunological techniques. In Paper I, genetic analysis identified four novel CD27 mutations: homozygous missense mutations C96Y and R78W; heterozygous nonsense C10X; and compound heterozygous W8X-R107C resulting in a clinical phenotype of CD27 deficiency. In Paper II, whole exome sequencing revealed a novel W56X mutation in the RAC2 gene resulting in a CVID-like phenotype with prominent autoimmune disease. Newly identified abnormalities of neutrophil granules were identified by transmission electron microscopy. In Paper III, five novel mutations in the LRBA gene resulting in varied clinical phenotypes were presented in the context of a review of all published cases, thus providing a clinical summary. In conclusion, this work has shown the validity of employing whole exome sequencing in identifying genetic associations with CVID and CVID-like disease; and has provided a better overview of the diverse clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in CD27, RAC2 and LRBA and their resultant protein deficiencies

Comparison of chest X-ray with lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children aged 02 months to 12 years

Objective: To observe the reliability of lung ultrasound in diagnosing pneumonia as compared to chest X-ray.Materials and Methods: This Prospective cohort study was carried out over a period of three months in the Paediatric Department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. One hundred patients, 2 months to 12 years of age were enrolled in the study. All the patients were subjected to chest X-ray and lung ultrasound within 12 hours of admission. Data was recorded on predesigned Performa and processed on SPSS version 25. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for chest X-ray and lung ultrasound.Results: LUS was found to be more efficient in detecting consolidations (64 out of 100) as compared to CXR (50 out of 100). In 14 patients CXR was not able to detect consolidations but LUS detected the same. Fourteen patients in whom lung ultrasound was positive for consolidations but CXR was negative were subjected to CT chest. Out of these 14 CT scans, 11 were positive and 3 were negative for consolidations. Lung ultrasound was found to have a Sensitivity of 100%, the specificity of 92.30%, PPV 95.31%, NPV of 100%, and accuracy of 97% as compared to Sensitivity of 81%, the specificity of 100%, PPV 100%, NPV of 78% and accuracy of 89% for CXR in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children.Conclusion: Results from our study confirmed by many other studies on the same research question allow us to conclude that Lung ultrasound is a fast, low cost, reliable, radiation-free alternative to chest x-ray in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. &nbsp