Assessment of HIV/AIDS literacy in 15- 49 years old people in Yasuj and its related factors

Background & aim: Health literacy is the capacity of an individual to obtain, interpret, and understand basic health information and services and the competence to use such information and services in ways that are health enhancing. The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS health literacy in Yasuj and its related factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a 21-item valid and reliable questionnaire was used. Our sample included 250 individuals aged 15- 49 years that selected by two-stage cluster sampling method and completed the questionnaire. Results: Average of health literacy scores of participants was 10.30 ± 3.36 and only 16.4 percent of them had adequate HIV/AIDS literacy. In modified regression model, there was a significant association between education (B= 0.40, p<0.001), being governmental staff (B=1.54, p=0.02), and low economic status (B= - 0.52, p=0.02) with HIV/AIDS literacy scores. Conclusions: Most of the individuals in this study had not enough HIV/AIDS literacy level. It seems that lack of access to information and services relevant to the HIV/AIDS complexity and disproportion of information with audience and inappropriate form of presenting health messages, cause low health literacy. Keywords: health literacy, HIV/AIDS, Assessmen

Hydrocarbon migration in the Zagros Basin, offshore Iran, for understanding the fluid flow in the Oligocene-Miocene carbonate reservoirs

Kuh-e Mond Field is a conventional heavy oil resource in the Zagros foreland Basin, Iran, produced from the fractured carbonates partially filled by dolomite, calcite, and anhydrite cement. Vitrinite reflectance data from carbonate reservoir suggest low-maturation levels corresponding to paleotemperatures as low as 50 °C. The observed maturation level (<0.5% R(max)) does not exceed values for simple burial maturation based on the estimated burial history. Oil inclusions within fracture-filled calcite and dolomite cement indicate the key role of these fractures in oil migration. The fluid inclusion temperature profiles constructed from the available data revealed the occurrence of petroleum in dolomite, calcite, and anhydrite and characterize the distinct variations in the homogenization temperatures (T(h)). Fluid inclusions in syntectonic calcite veins homogenize between 22 °C and 90 °C, showing a salinity decrease from 22 to 18 eq. wt.% NaCl. Fluid inclusions in anhydrite homogenize at <50 °C, showing that the pore fluids became warmer and more saline during burial. The T(h) range in the calcite-dolomite cement depicts a change in water composition; therefore, we infer these cements precipitated from petroleum-derived fluids. The microthermometry data on the petroleum fluid inclusions suggest that the reservoir was filled with heavy black oils and high-salinity waters and indicate that undersaturated oil was present in a hydrostatically pressured reservoir. The T(h) data do not support vertical migration of hot fluids througout the section, but extensive lateral fluid migration, most likely, drove tectonically dewatering in the south or west of the pool.Z. Shariatinia, M. Haghighi, S. Feiznia, A.H. Alizai, G. Levress

Paleofluid analysis from fracture-fill cements in the Asmari limestones of the Kuh-I-Mond field, SW Zagros, Iran

Kuh-I-Mond field in the Zagros foreland basin is a conventional heavy oil resource and is composed of fractured carbonates whose fractures were filled by calcite, dolomite, and anhydrite cements. Oil inclusions occurred within the fracture-fill cements indicate that fractures were open and played an active role during oil migration and charge. The highest measured values for secondary porosities belong to fractures in Asmari Formation, which is characterized by significant amounts of vug- and fracture-filling cements. Fractures facilitated fluid circulation and subsequently dissolution of allochems and high Mg carbonates. In contrast, fine-grained carbonate facies were less cemented, and thus, porosity enhancement by cement dissolution was insignificant. Temperature profiles of oil inclusions in the dolomite, calcite, and anhydrite minerals characterized by distinct variations in the homogenization temperatures (Th) that are divided into two ranges below 50°C in anhydrites and from 45°C to 125°C in dolomites and calcites. The lower Th ranges for anhydrite suggests that it may have formed at shallower burial depths during early to middle diagenesis. The oil inclusions display trend for increasing temperature downward which conform to Formation geothermal gradient. In other word, the decreasing trend of Th temperatures upward within Asmari Formation that can be observed in Th versus depth plot is consistent with the uplift events at Late Miocene time and later that caused removal of about 1,300 m of the crest of the Kuh-I-Mond anticline. Vitrinite reflectance data from source rock intervals in the field area do not support vertical migration of locally generated hydrocarbons into the Kuh-I-Mond accumulation, and long-distance lateral oil migration and charge from a source kitchen to the southwest is proposed. Vitrinite reflectance data from this dolomite and limestone reservoir suggest low maturation levels corresponding to paleotemperatures less than 50°C. The observed maturation level (<0.5% Ro) does not exceed values for simple burial maturation based on the estimated burial history. Also, homogenization temperatures from fluid inclusion populations in calcite and dolomites show expected good correlation with reflectance-derived temperatures. The Th data represent pore fluids became warmer and more saline during burial. As aqueous fluid inclusions in calcite veins were homogenized between 22°C and 90°C with a decrease in salinity from 22 to 18 eq. wt.% NaCl. The Th values suggest a change in water composition and that dolomite and calcite cements might have precipitated from petroleum-derived fluids. The hydrocarbon fluid inclusions microthermometry data suggest that the reservoir was being filled by heavy black oils in reservoir during Cenozoic. Aqueous fluid inclusions hosted by calcite equant sparry/fossil cavity fills suggest low cementation temperatures (<45°C) and high salinities (19 eq. wt.% NaCl), while those in dolostones are characterized by highly variable homogenization temperature (52°C to 125°C) and salinities (6.5 to 20 eq. wt.% NaCl).Zeinab Shariatinia, Manouchehr Haghighi, Sadat Feiznia, Don Hall, Gilles Levresse, Ali Mousavi Dehghani and Masoud Rashid

Formative Research to Study the Viewpoints, Attitudes and Driving Behaviors in Taxi Drivers of Yasuj: The First Step in Planning of an Intervention Based on Social Marketing Model

Abstract Background & aim: Formative research is done to identify and analyze the related factors for a behavior and determining an initiative idea for intervention. This study aimed at knowing about viewpoints of taxi drivers in Yasuj and assessing attitudes and behaviors in driving. In this way, a behavioral intervention will be designed for decreasing risky driving behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study including qualitative and quantitative on taxi drivers in Yasuj. In qualitative part, data were explored from 16 drivers in two focal group discussions and in quantitative survey, a questionnaire is used for measuring attitudes and self-reported behaviors and a checklist is used for recording observational behaviors of 260 taxi drivers. Descriptive and analytical statistics for quantitative were used. All discussions with taxi drivers were recorded, categorized and analyzed and its findings summarized in five main themes. Results: Majority of taxi drivers had desired attitudes toward risky driving behaviors. More than 80 percent reported that always or most times avoid doing risky driving. However, observation showed that not fastening seatbelt through route is the most frequent behaviors among taxi drivers. In focal group discussions, four themes and few sub-themes were explored and the main recommendations for reducing risky driving behaviors were continuous education, road modification, increasing police supervision and using route supervisors as opinion leaders of taxi drivers. Conclusion: Determining frequent risky driving behaviors, attention to viewpoints of drivers and selecting segments based on influencing factors on their behaviors can be effective for reducing risky driving behaviors. Key words: Formative research, Risky driving behaviors, attitude, Taxi drivers, Social marketin