The effects of aerobic exercise on 24-hour mean blood glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

PurposeTo examine the effects of structured aerobic exercise on 24-hour mean blood glucose outcomes assessed by continuous glucose monitors in adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe study established specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted a comprehensive search across five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost from the start year of each database’s coverage to 22 July 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 guidelines. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 to determine effect sizes, conduct sensitivity analyses, assess potential biases, and perform subgroup analyses.ResultsA total of 1,034 articles were retrieved, and after 4 rounds of screening, 13 articles were finally selected for meta-analysis. The study included 626 participants (30% female; mean ± SD: age, 59.4 ± 6.4 years; BMI, 29.61 ± 2.24 kg/m2), including 330 in the experimental group and 296 in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM (d = −0.65, 95% CI: −0.75 to −0.55, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM (d = −0.71, 95% CI: −0.81 to −0.60, p < 0.05), (d = −0.60, 95% CI: −0.98 to −0.22, p < 0.05). Also, 20–40 min and 40–60 min of aerobic exercise per session can improve the 24-hour average blood glucose in patients with T2DM (d = −0.75, 95% CI: −0.91 to −0.59, p < 0.05), (d = −0.59, 95% CI: −0.71 to −0.46, p < 0.05). Aerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM who have a body mass index (BMI) between 29 and 30 kg/m2, as well as those with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 (d = −0.65, 95% CI: −0.94 to −0.36, p < 0.05), (d = −0.76, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.64, p < 0.05).ConclusionAerobic exercise can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM. Additionally, 20–60 min of aerobic exercise with moderate intensity, and high intensity can improve the 24-hour mean blood glucose in patients with T2DM who have a BMI greater than 29 kg/m2.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifer PROSPERO CRD4202459081

The roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammation-related diseases: A review

The inflammatory response is a natural immune response that prevents microbial invasion and repairs damaged tissues. However, excessive inflammatory responses can lead to various inflammation-related diseases, posing a significant threat to human health. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a vital mediator in the activation of the inflammatory cascade. Targeting the hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may offer potential strategies for the prevention or treatment of inflammation-related diseases. It has been established that the ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications of the NLRP3 inflammasome can provide protective effects in inflammation-related diseases. These modifications modulate several pathological processes, including excessive inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, abnormal autophagy, proliferation disorders, and oxidative stress damage. Therefore, this review discusses the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications, explores the role of these modifications in inflammation-related diseases, and examines the potential underlying mechanisms

Adipose tissue aging as a risk factor for metabolic organ abnormalities: mechanistic insights and the role of exercise interventions

Abstract Aging is widely regarded as an irreversible arrest of cellular growth and proliferation, often accompanied by systemic metabolic organ abnormalities, ultimately reducing quality of life and increasing mortality in the elderly. Multi-organ transcriptomic analyses suggest that adipose tissue is among the earliest organs to respond to aging, characterized by changes in fat content and redistribution of adipose tissue, decline in thermogenic adipose function, reduced proliferation and differentiation capacity of adipose progenitor and stem cells, accumulation of senescent cells, and immunosenescence. These alterations may act synergistically and play a role in abnormalities in metabolic organs including the cardiovascular, liver, skeletal muscle, and brain. Studies have demonstrated that exercise ameliorates the effects of adipose tissue aging on metabolic organ abnormalities by inhibiting inflammation, reducing the accumulation of ectopic lipids, enhancing the browning of white adipose tissue and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, improving lipid metabolism, regulating the secretion of adipokines, and mitigating immunosenescence. This review summarizes the main characteristics of adipose tissue aging, the effects of adipose tissue aging on metabolic organ abnormalities, and the potential mechanisms by which exercise ameliorates the effects of adipose tissue aging on metabolic organ abnormalities. It provides theoretical support for basic and clinical research on exercise-based prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases

Policy Analysis of the Integration of Sports and Medicine against the Backdrop of “Healthy China”: A Qualitative Study Using NVivo

In China, the aim of integrating sports and medicine is part of a national health promotion policy. It is important to clarify the relevant policy points, policy practice distribution, and practical tools, as well as to find the weak links in the policy. In the study, there are 34 primary child nodes, 12 secondary child nodes and four parent nodes that were formed. In this study NVivo 11 software was used to analyze the content of 15 national guidelines in terms of integrating sports and medicine. From 2014 to 2021, the policy development of the integration of sports and medicine went through the beginning and growth stages. The evolutionary logic presents an inverse relationship between the policy practice’s duration and the degree of state intervention. In the sequential developmental phases, policy tools were set up in an orderly transition from a single mandatory policy tool to a voluntary or hybrid policy tool, supplemented by essential policy tools. With respect to the policy content, the attention to specific service groups and sports risk assessment is insufficient. In the future, we should actively focus on the division of particular service groups and their service supply, pay closer attention to the social needs and value manifestation of sports risk assessment, and balance the proportion of policy tools in the development of the integration of sports and medicine

Policy Analysis of the Integration of Sports and Medicine against the Backdrop of “Healthy China”: A Qualitative Study Using NVivo

In China, the aim of integrating sports and medicine is part of a national health promotion policy. It is important to clarify the relevant policy points, policy practice distribution, and practical tools, as well as to find the weak links in the policy. In the study, there are 34 primary child nodes, 12 secondary child nodes and four parent nodes that were formed. In this study NVivo 11 software was used to analyze the content of 15 national guidelines in terms of integrating sports and medicine. From 2014 to 2021, the policy development of the integration of sports and medicine went through the beginning and growth stages. The evolutionary logic presents an inverse relationship between the policy practice’s duration and the degree of state intervention. In the sequential developmental phases, policy tools were set up in an orderly transition from a single mandatory policy tool to a voluntary or hybrid policy tool, supplemented by essential policy tools. With respect to the policy content, the attention to specific service groups and sports risk assessment is insufficient. In the future, we should actively focus on the division of particular service groups and their service supply, pay closer attention to the social needs and value manifestation of sports risk assessment, and balance the proportion of policy tools in the development of the integration of sports and medicine.</jats:p