Influence of task difficulty on Judgment Efficiency Under the Condition of Implicit Learning (in Chinese)

In this research, a system of various levels of task difficulty was set up by a complex rule. Three characteristics of implicit learning were detected with this system: 1) Implicit learning didn't work under the condition of the most difficult task. 2) When the task became easier, implicit learning started working on some level of task difficulty. 3) The efficiency of implicit learning would become higher if the task became easier; but there was a limit to the efficiency of implicit learning. A conclusion could be made indirectly that implicit learning acquired some kind of exemplar information

Prior Cognitive Task Analysis of Test Item Difficulty

The pass rate of a test item often serves as an index of its difficulty. This posterior index, though easy to obtain and definite, is susceptible to students' learning level. It cannot play a leading role in designing test items. The present research tried to design a prior-to-test index of test item difficulty. According to the principles of cognitive task analysis, a frame and a procedure to be\ud strictly executed were mapped out for the prior assessment of higher mathematics test items. Taking into account the characteristics of math problems, we designed such indexes as number of elements in a problem, element identification difficulty, number of principles used in answering, principle identification difficulty and cognitive load. The results show that prior difficulty is most significantly\ud correlated with the pass rates of math test items. High correlation also exists among sub-indexes in assessment and among evaluators, indicating sufficient validity and reliability of the prior assessment method developed by the present reseach

An Experimental Research on the pCI Rule and Causal Judgment (in Chinese)

This research examined the precision of the pCI rule through three experiments. The results show that first , the tendency of the subjects’ casual judgments was basically similar to the pCI rule. But (a + d) / n predicted human’s casual judgments were even better; second, the increase of subjects’ casual judgments was milder than the pCI rule, and the subjects needed time to construct their own way of judging relationship; finally, different people had different ways of causal judgments, and could be grouped into some categories

An Experimental Research on Causal Illusion (in Chinese)

The research examined humans’ causal attribution of response-outcome under controllable and uncontrollable conditions respectively and attempted to find out whether providing appropriate external cues could be beneficial to them in making accurate judgments. The results indicate: 1) under controllable conditions, the delay of feedback might lead to causal illusion; 2) under uncontrollable conditions, the subjects developed superstition and illusion of control rather than helplessness; 3) providing appropriate external cues helped the subjects eliminate their former established causal illusion

Analysis of the X(1576) as a tetraquark state with the QCD sum rules

In this letter, we take the point of view that the X(1576) be tetraquark state which consists of a scalar-diquark and an anti-scalar-diquark in relative $P$-wave, and calculate its mass in the framework of the QCD sum rules approach. The numerical value of the mass $m_X=(1.66\pm 0.14) GeV$ is consistent with the experimental data, there may be some tetraquark component in the vector meson X(1576).Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, second version, typos correcte

Perceptual learning of dot pattern

Dot pattern is a type of pattern defined by specific spatial relationship among some dots. As a compensation for concrete and meaningful visual stimuli, meaningless dot pattern can be used as stimuli in learning tasks. We performed an experiment for exploring the perceptual learning process of dot pattern against random-dot background. Participants were required to learn two types of dot patterns (9-dot and 11-dot). They were assigned to two groups: participants in Group 1 learned 9-dot pattern first and 11-dot pattern later, while those in Group 2 learned 11-dot pattern first and 9-dot pattern later. The results showed that participants could acquire the spatial relationship of dot pattern through perceptual learning in relatively short learning time. In comparison with 9-dot pattern, learning time of 11-dot pattern was slightly longer and its accuracy rate lower, but there was significant positive transfer effect from 11-dot pattern learning to 9-dot learning

An Experimental Research on Search Order Based on Contour (in Chinese)

Contour is an important cue for pattern recognition. Further feature search may have something to do with contour, which is produced by parallel processing. In this research, 3 experiments were undertaken to explore the effects of contour on searching sequence. Experiment 1 aims at confirming the key role of contour in visual search. It’s results show that there exists mental representation of potential targets in visual search. Experiment 2 aims to verify the hypothesis that the new features produced by two figures’ overlapping will accelerate visual search. The results show that although the figures’ overlapping may produce new features, these byproducts may not make search faster. An alternative hypothesis was introduced that contour has effects on searching sequence. On the basis of contour, the search of distinct features follows this order: in the outer band of contour----along contour----in the inner band of contour. Experiment 3 tests this hypothesis further

Probing non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions in ultracold atomic superfluid

We propose an experiment to directly probe the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana fermions by braiding them in an s-wave superfluid of ultracold atoms. We show different orders of braiding operations give orthogonal output states that can be distinguished through Raman spectroscopy. Realization of Majorana bound states in an s-wave superfluid requires strong spin-orbital coupling and a controllable Zeeman field in the perpendicular direction. We present a simple laser configuration to generate the artificial spin-orbital coupling and the required Zeeman field in the dark state subspace.Comment: 4 pages; Add detailed discussion of feasibility of the scheme;add ref

Leveraging mechanobiology and biophysical cues in lung organoids for studying lung development and disease

Lung organoids have emerged as powerful tools for studying lung distal diseases by recapitulating the cellular diversity and microenvironment of the lung tissue. This review article highlights the advancements in leveraging mechanobiology and biophysical cues in lung organoid engineering to improve their physiological relevance and disease modelling capabilities. We discuss the role of mechanobiology in lung development and homeostasis, as well as the integration of biophysical cues in the design and culture of lung organoids. Furthermore, we explore how these advancements have contributed to the understanding of lung distal diseases pathogenesis. We also discuss the challenges and future directions in harnessing mechanobiology and biophysical cues in lung organoid research. This review showcases the potential of lung organoids as a platform to investigate the underappreciated impacts of biophysical and biomechanical properties in enhancing lung organoids complexity and functionality, and ultimately provide new insight into embryonic lung development and pulmonary distal diseases pathogenesis

The Norm of the Learning-Disability Checklist for Elementary and Middle School Children (in Chinese)

The Learning-Disabilities Checklist for Elementary and Middle School Children was administered to 1067 subjects in Shanghai. The data analyses brought us the following: 1) The mean and standard deviation of each variable of raw data; 2) There were significant age differences and sex differences for each variable; 3) The reliability and validity of this test was up to the criteria of psychometrology; 4) A Shanghai norm was made