Basic technique for solid lesions: Cytology, core, or both?

Big data, algoritmi i prediktivna analitika su integralni alati suvremenih digitalnih medija. U procesu datafikacije, kvantifikacije ljudskih života, podaci postaju najvrijedniji resurs na svijetu. U tom sustavu, podatkovne reprezentacije privilegiraju se nad stvarnim bićima, što određuje suvremenu konstrukciju zbilje. Provedeno je 10 polustrukturiranih intervjua sa sudionicima različitih razina znanja o ovoj temi, kako bi dobili uvid u praksu i proživljeno iskustvo interakcije s ovim tehnologijama. Algoritamska selekcija posreduje konzumiranje vijesti i informacija kod većine sudionika. Što pasivniji stav zauzimaju, tim više prepuštaju algoritmu selekciju relevantnih informacija. Pokazalo se da sudionici svaki dan koriste tražilicu za pronalaženje informacija koje su im potrebne, zbog čega optimizacija rezultata pretrage može uvjetovati vidljivost dominantnih narativa i informacija. Rudarenje podataka omogućuje sve preciznije profiliranje korisnika na temelju kojih im se nude preporuke i oglasi. Sudionici su opisali svoje taktike „pregovora” s algoritmima, u kojoj nalaze vlastitu agenciju. Vjerovanja sudionika o prisluškivanju ocrtavaju kako subjektivni mentalni modeli mistificiraju algoritme. Sudionici se većinom svjesno odriču svojih podataka u zamjenu za komfor određenih usluga jer ne smatraju da ih manjak privatnosti može ozbiljnije ugroziti. Takvi stavovi mogu otvoriti prostor za razne zloupotrebe i neetične strategije, kao što je primjena prediktivne analitike u politici (za microtargeting), kako ilustrira slučaj Cambridge Analytica. Ljudska agencija dobiva nove dimenzije unutar suvremenih tehnoloških sustava zbog čega je potrebno pronaći balans između osobne i kolektivne odgovornosti, regulacije i zaštite podataka.Big data, algorithms and predictive analytics are integral tools of modern digital media. In the process of datafication, the quantification of human lives, data is becoming the most valuable resource in the world. In this system, data representations are privileged over real beings, which defines the modern construction of reality. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants with different levels of knowledge about the subject, in order to gain insight into the practice and the lived experience of interacting with these technologies. Algorithmic selection mediates the consumption of news and information for most participants. The more passive their attitude, the more they leave the selection of relevant information to the algorithm. Since participants use a search engine to find information they need every day, the optimisation of search results can condition the visibillity of dominant narratives and information. Data mining enables the ever more precise profiling of users, based on which they are offered recommendations and advertisements. Participants describe their tactics of „negotiation” with the algorithms, in which they find their own agency. The beliefs of participants about device tapping outline the way subjective mental models mistify algorithms. Participants mostly knowingly give up their data in exchange for the comfort of certain services because they don't think the lack of privacy can seriously harm them. Such attitudes make way for different malpractices and unethical strategies, such as the use of predictive analytics in politics (for microtargeting), which is illustrated by the case of Cambridge Analytica. Human agency gains new dimensions within modern technological systems, which is why it is necessary to find a balance between personal and collective responsibility, regulation and data protection

Falling Under The Umbrella Cells: A Single Institutional Experience And Literature Review Of Urothelial Carcinoma Presenting As A Primary Pancreatic Mass On Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration

Metastases to the pancreas are much less common than primary pancreatic lesions, and there are few reports in the literature of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) found in the pancreas. We report two cases of metastatic UC mimicking a primary pancreatic lesion. Two female patients, aged 48 and 83 years, presented with isolated pancreatic lesions causing obstructive jaundice suspicious for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). On cytopathology, the lesions were found to be UC, confirmed with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. UC rarely metastasizes to the pancreas, and diagnosis through EUS-FNA can be challenging. However, the utilization of ROSE, dedicated cell block passes, and IHC have proved to be effective in obtaining this unusual pancreatic diagnosis by EUS-FNA

High-Quality Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Tissue Acquisition

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a multistep procedure that involves proper clinical indication, correct selection of needles, adapting evidence-based techniques such as the fanning maneuver and not routinely using suction or the stylet for tissue sampling, and establishing reliable cytopathology support. Integrating cytopathology in the training curriculum and developing a more flexible platform of needles and echoendoscopes are likely to further advance the field of endosonography. This review aims to summarize the technical issues that are key to performing high-quality endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-014-0129-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Endoscopic ultrasound.guided fine-needle tissue acquisition – A review and update of literature

Ever since the first endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) was done in 1992, the procedure has evolved to become an indispensable tool for tissue acquisition in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and periluminal lesions. With the growing evidence of neoadjuvant therapy and research into intratumoral therapy, the need to obtain tissue diagnosis for tumors is quite apparent. This review provides an overall perspective to the endosonographer on various issues that are a key for best practices in FNA, in addition to being an update for practicing experienced endosonographers