Automation, Protection and Control of Substation Based on IEC 61850

Reliability of power system protection system has been a key issue in the substation operation due to the use of multi-vendor equipment of proprietary features, environmental issues, and complex fault diagnosis. Failure to address these issues could have a significant effect on the performance of the entire electricity grid. With the introduction of IEC 61850 standard, substation automation system (SAS) has significantly altered the scenario in utilities and industries as indicated in this thesis

Assessment of Copper Contamination in Soil Near Malanjkhand Copper Mine, Madhya Pradesh

The objective of the study was to examine the copper concentration and soil properties of the area around Malanjkhand copper mine, which is located in north east of Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh which is the largest copper deposit in India producing nearly 2.2 million tonnes of copper tailings annually. The soil was characterized geochemically by taking samples from areas around the mine and the contaminated waste nallas coming out from the mine. Studies were done and the pH, electrical conductivity and the organic carbon content were measured. Copper content of the soil samples were examined. The enrichment factor and index of geoaccumulation were also calculated. On the basis on the enrichment factor and the index of geoaccumulation, the copper concentration was found to be highest near the waste dump and significantly high close to the nallas

Knowledge, practices and gender discrepancies of migrant labours concerning malaria in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Background: Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha is an up-coming city since 1960s. The capital is undergoing various developmental activities and rapid industrialization. This is leading to migration of labours from various districts of Odisha including malaria endemic districts. The records available in central malaria laboratory, Bhubaneswar revealed high malaria incidence (ranged from 5% to 11% during last five years).Methods: The study was undertaken in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, on migrant laboures (300 samples) through a pre-structured schedule.Results: The study revealed the migrated respondents were from malaria endemic districts of Odisha. The malaria endemicity of the districts ranged from 2.2-9.8. It was also found that only 6% of the migrants were from low endemic areas i.e. SPR5. Study of the awareness of the respondents showed 31% males and 9% females knew mosquito bite as a cause of malaria. Rapid Diagnostic Test showed twenty seven numbers of respondents tested positive for malaria (24 positive for PF and 3 positive for PV), out of them 6 were males and 21 were females. The study of their sleeping habits and personal protection methods showed that 32% respondents slept outdoor and 73% did not use anything as protection against mosquito bite. The study regarding knowledge of malaria signs and symptoms among respondents showed that the most commonly recognized signs and symptoms of malaria were headache (23%).  Vector incrimination study showed that per man hour density of an. stephensi is 5.7.Conclusions: Thus presence of efficient malaria vectors and inadequate knowledge in the migrant labour community and emphatically among female migrant labours regarding cause, symptoms, prevention, control measures and risks associated with malaria is the major reason of malaria transmission.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of autogenous platelet rich plasma versus visco supplementation in treatment of early osteoarthritis of knee

Background: Osteoarthritis is a very common chronic degenerative disease most commonly affecting the knee joints. In present study we compared the efficacy of autogenous platelet rich plasma (PRP) versus visco supplementation in treatment of early osteoarthritis of knees.Methods: 30 patients (56 knees) were registered and divided into two groups. Out of which PRP in 28 knees and visco supplementation in 28 knees injected during. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were measured. These scores were measured at first visit, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and at 24 weeks.Results: All registered patients were randomized in two groups. Group I (total 16 patients and 28 knees) for intraarticular PRP injection and group II (total 14 patients and 28 knees) for intraarticular viscosupplement injection. Out of 28 knees of group I; 12 (42.85%) knees belonged to grade II and 16 (57.15%) of grade III. Out of 28 knees of group II; 15 (53.57%) knees of grade II and 13 (46.45%) of grade III. None of the knees belonged to grade I and grade 0. There was significant difference in outcome of two treatment groups (p<0.05) at 24 weeks.Conclusions: Treatment with PRP showed a significantly better clinical outcome compared with viscosupplemention at 24 weeks follow up. Although patients achieved lower WOMAC and VAS scores in PRP group at 6 and 12 weeks follow up that was statistically insignificant. We conclude that long term results of PRP are better than viscosupplementation

Tubercular dactylitis in a 65 year old female: a rare case report

Tubercular dactylitis is defined as tubercular infection of the metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges. It is a rare form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Bones of the hand are more commonly affected than the bones of the feet. Tubercular dactylitis is common in children and children below 6 year of age accounts for 85% of cases. The diagnosis is usually by a combination of clinical suspicion coupled with radiological investigation and confirmation by biopsy. We hereby present a case report of tubercular dactylitis in a 65 year old female which was treated by antitubercular therapy