Fatty acid profile of fish scale of Catla catla

Fish scales are useful to ichthyologists for the purposes of classification, identification, age determination and history study. The fatty acid profile of the hexane extracts of the fresh water fish scale of Catla catla were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fish scales were collected from a local fish market, Chidambaram. The fatty acid profile was detected in the scales, with the following fatty acids dominating: 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 18:3 and 18:4. The use of fatty acid profiling in fish scales has the potential for stock identification in addition to the identification of fish farm escapees.Key words: Fish scales, fatty acid, gas chromatography, Catla catla

Study of Risk factors predicting difficult Cholecystectomy and conversion from laparoscopic to open Cholecystectomy

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy occasionally can become difficult due to various reasons. Preoperative risk factors which can predict difficult cholecystectomy are advanced age, male sex, high BMI, acute cholecystitis and previous hospitalisation for recurrent attacks, thickened gall bladder wall, impacted stone at neck of gall bladder and previous surgeries on abdomen. If preoperative factors can predict difficult Cholecystectomy, it will be helpful for surgeons to sort out low risk and high risk groups. Low risk group surgeries can be performed by trainees and high risk cases can be performed by more experienced surgeons or at specialized unit. Objective: To identify the risk factors predicting difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and need for conversion to open Cholecystectomy. Methodology: All the cases admitted for gallstone disease in Department of General Surgery at Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan between September 2017 to September 2020 were studied retrospectively. Total of 255 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent LC were included in the study. Details of patients demographics, clinical findings, laboratory Investigations and imaging findings were recorded. Results: In the study 255 subjects who underwent Cholecystectomy were included in the study. In the study 82.3% had easy, 13.4% had difficult, 2% had very difficult and 2.4% underwent conversion to open Cholecystectomy. In the study considering the factors which were significant in Univariate analysis, Previous hospitalization, GB thickness >4 mm and presence of Impacted stone were significant factors in predicting difficult operation in Cholecystectomy. Previous hospitalization had 5.006 times higher chances of Difficult Cholecystectomy, GB Thickness >4 mm had 3.251 times higher chances of Difficult Cholecystectomy and Impacted Stone had 3.251 times higher chances of Difficult Cholecystectomy. Conclusion:We conclude that difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and conversion to open Cholecystectomy can be predicted preoperatively based on number of previous attacks of cholecystitis and hospitalization, gallbladder wall thickness and impacted stone at neck of gallbladder

Study of Risk factors predicting increased morbidity and mortality in perforated peptic Ulcer-Our Institutional Perspective

Background : Perforated Peptic Ulcer [PPU] is a common condition operated as emergency in almost all hospitals across the world. Due to availability of good antiulcer medications elective peptic ulcer operations has significantly reduced. But emergency operations for peptic ulcer perforations is still increasing with substantial health issues resulting in significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. Objective: To identify the risk factors Predicting Increased Morbidity and Mortality in perforated Peptic Ulcer. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 200 patients operated for peptic ulcer perforations between January 2015 to December 2020 done by the Department of General Surgery at Hassan institute of Medical Sciences Approval to use medical records and clearance certificate from human ethics committee, Hassan institute of medical sciences, Karnataka, India was obtained prior to the study. Demographic profile of patient, symptoms at presentation, time from onset of symptoms to admission to hospital, associated co-morbidities, laboratory and imaging findings, time delay from admission to surgery; hospital stay duration, postoperative complications and mortality were recorded. Results: Mean age of subjects in the study was 46.34 ± 15.9 years. Male: Female ratio was 11.5:1. In the study 42.5% had complications. 13.5% had wound infection, 22.5% had chest infection, 16% had renal failure, 10.5% had septic shock, 18.5% required ventilator and 3.5% required Relaparotomy. In the study there was significant association between Mortality and presence of morbidity,and renal failure, septic shock and needed ventilator. Conclusion: The present study concluded that Post Op stay (>2 Weeks),ASA grade(>2),Size of Perforation(>1 cm) were significant factors associated with Morbidity and Factors such as Female Gender, Presence of Comorbidity (COPD), Hypotension (Shock), Raised Serum Creatinine, Post Op stay (>2 Weeks) and presence of morbidities such as Renal failure, Septic Shock, Need for Ventilator were significantly associated with Mortality

Marine shells: Potential opportunities for extraction of functional and health-promoting materials

Marine shell waste is a very rich source of several bioactive compounds and materials, such as calcium, chitin, pigments, and proteins. Currently, this waste material is greatly underutilized and contributes to significant environmental problems due to off-odor and concentration of minerals in landfill. The main objective of this review is to highlight the potential to add value to and maximize the utilization of this waste stream. Therefore, this review provides up-to-date information on various compounds available in marine shells that are generated as waste coproduct from commercial processing operations and their potential uses. Methods are described for extraction of these compounds for use in food and pharmaceutical applications. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe