Developing tomorrow\u27s school leaders: The Western Australian Catholic education Aspiring Principals Program

The Aspiring Principals Program is a two-year principal preparation program convened by the Catholic Education Office of Western Australia. The program targets selected primary school assistant principals and secondary school deputy principals aspiring to principalship of Western Australian Catholic schools. The eight aspirants who commenced the program in January 2011 and graduated in December 2012 participated in the research. The purpose of the research was to explore aspirant perceptions of Catholic principalship before, during and upon completion of the program together with the influences provoking discernible perception changes. Specifically, four aspirant perceptions were explored by the research: Catholic principalship role components and the capabilities required for effective performance; factors enhancing interest in principalship; factors diminishing interest in principalship; and self-efficacy to commence principalship. The research was qualitative in nature and used interpretivism, specifically symbolic interactionism, as its theoretical perspective. Collective case study was chosen as the research methodology. Three qualitative, semi-structured interviews (pre-program, mid-program and end-of program) were the primary instruments used to collect data for the research. Data analysis took the form of the Miles and Huberman (1994) interactive model of data management and analysis. The research suggested that the program assisted aspirants to develop a holistic understanding of Catholic principalship role components and requisite capabilities; clarify their attraction to the role; identify, experience and mitigate disincentives; and confirm or achieve high self-efficacy to commence principalship. As aspirants participated in and completed the program, they attributed discernible perception changes to the influence of three program-related features: a well-facilitated, coherent, rigorous and systematic curriculum; development of support networks and interaction with network members; and active learning experiences. However, the research revealed seven program deficiencies. Firstly, the program did not adequately address the requirement of the principal, as leader of the role component, Catholic identity, to develop the school as a faith community by providing opportunities to reflect, pray and participate in sacramental and liturgical celebrations. Secondly and thirdly, the program provided aspirants with a superficial understanding of the role components, teaching and learning and community engagement and development. Fourthly, the program omitted to emphasise vital responsibilities associated with the role component, school improvement such as the need for the principal to distribute leadership to develop staff leadership capacity. Fifthly, although the program was effective in equipping aspirants with the knowledge and understanding required to effectively lead and manage the role components, stewardship of resources and school improvement, it largely ignored that pertaining to Catholic identity, teaching and learning and community engagement and development. Sixthly, the program did not address the principles of strategic planning, important when ‘charting the course’ for the achievement of school vision. Finally, the program did not prepare aspirants for disincentives emanating from the reality of principalship appointment. This was especially the case for aspirants preparing to depart Perth to commence principalship of Catholic schools in country and remote areas. As a result of the research, an integrated model of principal preparation was proposed for the consideration of local, national and international program designers. The model, designed to achieve the goal of enhanced aspirant self-efficacy to commence principalship, is comprised of three integrated pieces: program design principles; program theory; and active learning experiences. The research also culminated in six recommendations, three suggested areas of further research and six possible, although highly contextualised, additions to the existing body of theory pertaining to principal preparation

Revitalising professional learning for experienced principals: Energy versus ennui

This article contributes to the limited body of literature pertaining to attempts by educational systems to satisfy the professional learning needs of experienced principals, defined as those with more than 10 years of experience in at least two schools. Specifically, this article illustrates the Catholic Education Office of Western Australia’s endeavour to create an innovative, integrated, cross-sectoral program to enhance the leadership capabilities and health and wellbeing outcomes of experienced principals from Catholic, Government and Independent schools in that state. The program comprised four integrated pillars: a 360-degree review of participant leadership capabilities followed by executive coaching to effect improvement; an executive health assessment and coaching with an exercise physiologist to enhance participant health and wellbeing outcomes; a theoretical program based on a nationally accepted standard for principals, developed by the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership; and a group project transacted in a non-educational setting. The article begins with a synopsis of existing literature related to the professional learning needs of experienced principals and the few reported evaluations of programs designed to cater for the unique needs of this cohort. Participant feedback collected at the commencement of the program, its midpoint and conclusion are presented. The article concludes with recommended changes that could be implemented to enhance the efficacy of future program iterations

Crystal structures of the two major aggrecan degrading enzymes, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5

Aggrecanases are now believed to be the principal proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation in osteoarthritis. Given their potential as a drug target, we solved crystal structures of the two most active human aggrecanase isoforms, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, each in complex with bound inhibitor and one wherein the enzyme is in apo form. These structures show that the unliganded and inhibitor-bound enzymes exhibit two essentially different catalytic-site configurations: an autoinhibited, nonbinding, closed form and an open, binding form. On this basis, we propose that mature aggrecanases exist as an ensemble of at least two isomers, only one of which is proteolytically active