Distributed Load Balancing in Peer-to-Peer Computing

In this paper, we address the load balancing problem in the context of peer-to-peer computing environments. The key challenge to employ peer-to-peer networks for distributed computing is to exploit the heterogeneous processing capability of the participating hosts as well as the diverse network conditions. The contribution of our work is twofold. First, we model the load balance problem as an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the system response time. This modeling considers not only the current loading of hosts, but also the fluctuation of network delay, which completely captures the characteristics of the P2P systems. Second, we propose a gradient projection algorithm to solve the optimization problem, which is fully distributed and easy for implementation. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme has satisfied performance in terms of convergence, response time and load distribution

Dynamical generation of dark solitons in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

We numerically investigate the ground state, the Raman-driving dynamics and the nonlinear excitations of a realized spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional harmonic trap. Depending on the Raman coupling and the interatomic interactions, three ground-state phases are identified: stripe, plane wave and zero-momentum phases. A narrow parameter regime with coexistence of stripe and zero-momentum or plane wave phases in real space is found. Several sweep progresses across different phases by driving the Raman coupling linearly in time is simulated and the non-equilibrium dynamics of the system in these sweeps are studied. We find kinds of nonlinear excitations, with the particular dark solitons excited in the sweep from the stripe phase to the plane wave or zero-momentum phase within the trap. Moreover, the number and the stability of the dark solitons can be controlled in the driving, which provide a direct and easy way to generate dark solitons and study their dynamics and interaction properties.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figur

Interconnecting bilayer networks

A typical complex system should be described by a supernetwork or a network of networks, in which the networks are coupled to some other networks. As the first step to understanding the complex systems on such more systematic level, scientists studied interdependent multilayer networks. In this letter, we introduce a new kind of interdependent multilayer networks, i.e., interconnecting networks, for which the component networks are coupled each other by sharing some common nodes. Based on the empirical investigations, we revealed a common feature of such interconnecting networks, namely, the networks with smaller averaged topological differences of the interconnecting nodes tend to share more nodes. A very simple node sharing mechanism is proposed to analytically explain the observed feature of the interconnecting networks.Comment: 9 page