A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Electric Vehicle Society in Toyohashi City, Japan

Since the industrialization, the appearance of cities has been enhancing great changes of people's lives by mass production and mass consumption. Because of the human society has been developing through industrialization and urbanization, many environmental problems, such as Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, waste generation have been occurring as well. Thus, city planners and urban policy makers look forward for designing a compact city to attain a sustainable urban system. Because the form of compact city contributes to improve harmful effects of urban sprawl and offers us many benefits, such as less car dependency thus lower emissions, reduce energy consumption, etc. An influential study in 'Cities and Automobile Dependence: An International Sourcebook, 1989' by Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy show that the denser urban areas in the developed countries have a greater mixture of land use and lower car dependency, thus trends to lower energy consumption and emissions. However, the suburban cities in the developed countries have a common trend of high car dependency, thus increasing energy consumption and emissions. Thus, in order to reduce GHG (especial focus on CO2) emissions from the suburban areas, this research takes vehicle as subject and is dedicated to introduce an electric vehicle and the low-carbon society. The great advantage of electric vehicles will be to reduce CO2 emissions, but only when the electric automobiles are powered by natural energy, like solar power. If EVs are powered by the electricity generated from coal, gas, petroleum etc., there will be no significant impact for reducing CO2 emissions. Thus, solar energy comes first to our mind to reduce CO2 emissions. We set Toyohashi City as the study region and apply a static computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the economic impact of realization of electric automobile oriented society in Toyohashi City. Our model will show us how large the economic impact of spread of electric automobiles is, and will offer us a new industrial structure in a Low Carbon Society (LCS) in the world. And this model could be easily extended in other areas of Japan and in other countries to reduce GHG emissions and energy consumption. Keywords: Electric Vehicle (EV), Green House Gas, Low-Carbon Society.

Economic Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle City: A Case Study of Toyohashi City, Japan by a CGE-Modelling Approach

豊橋技術科学大

A comparative static analysis of carbon tax policy and a 'Smart City-JB', Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Malaysia at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2009 during the 15th Conference of Parties (COP15) announced the intention of voluntary reduction up to 40% in terms of emission intensity of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels. However, on the other hand, Malaysia aims to attain a developed nation status by achieving a self-sufficient industrialized nation under the vision 2020. As a result, the complex and diverse relation between the economic development and the CO2 emissions reduction by 2020 has put Malaysia in a phenomenon where searching for better solution is becoming an important concern. Taking into account the idea 'think globally, act locally', with an emphasis to introduce a Smart City-JB, by building a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, in this study, we aim to investigate the economic impact of usefulness of carbon tax on the manufacturing industries for promotion of a Smart City" Smart City-JB" in Johor Bahru City, Malaysia is. The projected model even can be applied to other places in Malaysia which will significantly impact in achieving the economic development and CO2 emissions reduction visions by 2020

A comparative analysis of ICT developments in developing and developed countries

The most exposed advancement in this era of globalization has been the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) influx. It has turned the world into a global village with boundless connectively, interactive organizations, information sharing and infinite accesses across the globe. It is a cross-cutting issue as well as an indispensable instrument for social and economic development. For decades ICT has been playing an important role in creating employment, hovering work skills and production. The adoption of ICT can dramatically reduce corruption from a society, thus can bring forward-looking governance in the country. The life and livelihood of a large number of populations, especially those living in rural areas, cannot be developed without utilizing the ICT scope for them. However, Bangladesh, a developing country, with huge potential, despite many problems still far away from using ICT, when the whole world is getting developed with the blessings of ICT. Malaysia, another developing country, was once seen as potential high-tech hub that is downplaying its role now and has focused on developing its own infrastructure. On the other hand, Japan as a developed country and one of the top industrialized countries in the world, has been able to exploit the all-out paybacks from ICT till date. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive empirical analysis on Information and Communication in developing and developed countries where Bangladesh, Malaysia and Japan are the study regions. We also provide a comparative analysis, raise some future challenges and describe the steps taken forward for the ICT development in these regions before providing a set of recommendations for these nations which also can be adopted by other developing countries

Photovoltaic power generation and its economic and environmental future in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is facing an energy crisis that is likely to become worse in the future because of insufficient power generation. Approximately 50% of the total population lives without grid-connected electricity. Moreover, the people connected to the grid are unable to access an even and continuous power supply on a daily basis. This research investigated the potential of renewable energy technologies, specifically photovoltaic (PV) power generation, and its economic and environmental impacts in Bangladesh. The concerns about the costs of PV technologies for Bangladesh were addressed by scenario modeling analysis and calculating the net present cost, cost of energy (COE), and bill savings for a 21-yr period. Results showed that 1 and 2 kWp systems could reduce the total energy cost by US$4495.856 and US$2191.69, respectively, and decrease the COE by 0.198 and 0.096 per kW h in a 21-yr period. Over a 21-yr period, 1 kWp PV systems could lower future emissions by a total of 10 162 kg of CO2, 65 kg of SO2, 30 kg of NOx, and 6 kg of CO, whereas 2 kWp PV systems could reduce future emissions by a total of 20 302 kg of CO2, 129 kg of SO2, 60 kg of NOx, and 12 kg of CO