35 research outputs found
The energy-momentum multiplet of supersymmetric defect field theories
Defects in field theories break translation invariance, resulting in the
non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor in the directions normal to the
defect. This violation is known as the displacement operator. We study 4d
theories with 3d defects preserving 3d supersymmetry
by analyzing the embedding of the 3d superspace in the 4d superspace. We use
this to construct the energy-momentum multiplet of such defect field theories,
which we call the defect multiplet and show how it incorporates the
displacement operator. We also derive the defect multiplet by using a
superspace Noether procedure.Comment: 42 pages, v2: Fixed TeX package problem, v3: Minor correction
Quantum Electrodynamics in d=3 from the epsilon-expansion
We study Quantum Electrodynamics in d=3 (QED_3) coupled to N_f flavors of
fermions. The theory flows to an IR fixed point for N_f larger than some
critical number N_f^c. For N_f<= N_f^c, chiral-symmetry breaking is believed to
take place. In analogy with the Wilson-Fisher description of the critical O(N)
models in d=3, we make use of the existence of a perturbative fixed point in
d=4-2epsilon to study the three-dimensional conformal theory. We compute in
perturbation theory the IR dimensions of fermion bilinear and quadrilinear
operators. For small N_f, a quadrilinear operator can become relevant in the IR
and destabilize the fixed point. Therefore, the epsilon-expansion can be used
to estimate N_f^c. An interesting novelty compared to the O(N) models is that
the theory in d=3 has an enhanced symmetry due to the structure of 3d spinors.
We identify the operators in d=4-2epsilon that correspond to the additional
conserved currents at d=3 and compute their infrared dimensions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. v2: references added, minor correction
Anomalies from correlation functions in defect conformal field theory
In previous work, we showed that an anomaly in the one point function of
marginal operators is related by the Wess-Zumino condition to the Euler density
anomaly on a two dimensional defect or boundary. Here we analyze in detail the
two point functions of marginal operators with the stress tensor and with the
displacement operator in three dimensions. We show how to get the boundary
anomaly from these bulk two point functions and find perfect agreement with our
anomaly effective action. For a higher dimensional conformal field theory with
a four dimensional defect, we describe for the first time the anomaly effective
action that relates the Euler density term to the one point function anomaly,
generalizing our result for two dimensional defects
Superconformal Models for Graphene and Boundary Central Charges
In the context of boundary conformal field theory, we investigate whether the
boundary trace anomaly can depend on marginal directions in the presence of
supersymmetry. Recently, it was found that a graphene-like non-supersymmetric
conformal field theory with a four-dimensional bulk photon and a
three-dimensional boundary electron has two boundary central charges that
depend on an exactly marginal direction, namely the gauge coupling. In this
work, we supersymmetrize this theory, paying special attention to the boundary
terms required by supersymmetry. We study models with 4, 8, and 16 Poincar\'e
supercharges in the bulk, half of which are broken by the boundary. In all
cases, we find that at all orders in perturbation theory, the gauge coupling is
not renormalized, providing strong evidence that these theories are boundary
conformal field theories. Moreover, the boundary central charges depend on the
coupling. One possible exception to this dependence on marginal directions is
that the difference between the two charges is coupling independent at one-loop
in the maximally supersymmetric case. In our analysis, a possible boundary
Chern-Simons term is incorporated by a bulk -term.Comment: 47 pages; v2: footnotes and references adde
Near-horizon solutions for D3-branes ending on 5-branes
We construct the type IIB supergravity solutions describing D3-branes ending
on 5-branes, in the near-horizon limit of the D3-branes. Our solutions are
holographically dual to the 4d N=4 SU(N) super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on a
half-line, at large N and large 't Hooft coupling, with various boundary
conditions that preserve half of the supersymmetry. The solutions are limiting
cases of the general solutions with the same symmetries constructed in 2007 by
D'Hoker, Estes and Gutperle. The classification of our solutions matches
exactly with the general classification of boundary conditions for D3-branes
ending on 5-branes by Gaiotto and Witten. We use the gravity duals to compute
the one-point functions of some chiral operators in the N=4 SYM theory on a
half-line at strong coupling, and find that they do not match with the
expectation values of the same operators with the same boundary conditions at
small 't Hooft coupling. Our solutions may also be interpreted as the gravity
duals of 4d N=4 SYM on AdS_4, with various boundary conditions.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor changes, added reference. v3: removed
discussion of extra solutions with no brane interpretation. Discussion of
solutions for D3-branes ending on 5-branes is unchange
Benchmarking non-photorealistic rendering of portraits
We present a set of images for helping NPR practitioners evaluate their image-based portrait stylisation algorithms. Using a standard set both facilitates comparisons with other methods and helps ensure that presented results are representative. We give two levels of difficulty, each consisting of 20 images selected systematically so as to provide good coverage of several possible portrait characteristics. We applied three existing portrait-specific stylisation algorithms, two general-purpose stylisation algorithms, and one general learning based stylisation algorithm to the first level of the benchmark, corresponding to the type of constrained images that have often been used in portrait-specific work. We found that the existing methods are generally effective on this new image set, demonstrating that level one of the benchmark is tractable; challenges remain at level two. Results revealed several advantages conferred by portrait-specific algorithms over general-purpose algorithms: portrait-specific algorithms can use domain-specific information to preserve key details such as eyes and to eliminate extraneous details, and they have more scope for semantically meaningful abstraction due to the underlying face model. Finally, we provide some thoughts on systematically extending the benchmark to higher levels of difficulty
On O(N_c) d=3 N=2 supersymmetric QCD Theories
We study three dimensional N=2 supersymmetric QCD theories with O(N_c) gauge
groups and with N_f chiral multiplets in the vector representation. We argue
that for N_f < N_c-2 there is a runaway potential on the moduli space and no
vacuum. For N_f >= N_c-2 there is a moduli space also in the quantum theory,
and for N_f >= N_c-1 there is a superconformal fixed point at the origin of
this moduli space that has a dual description as the low-energy fixed point of
an O(N_f-N_c+2) gauge theory. We test this duality in various ways; in some
cases the duality for an O(2) gauge theory may be related to the known duality
for U(1) gauge theories. We also discuss real mass deformations, which allow to
connect theories with a different Chern-Simons level. This allows us to connect
our duality with the known duality in O(N_c) theories with a Chern-Simons term
of level k, where the dual gauge group is given by O(N_f+|k|-N_c+2).Comment: 28 pages. v2: minor changes, added reference
Transcriptional and Proteomic Analysis of the Aspergillus fumigatus ΔprtT Protease-Deficient Mutant
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common opportunistic mold pathogen of humans, infecting immunocompromised patients. The fungus invades the lungs and other organs, causing severe damage. Penetration of the pulmonary epithelium is a key step in the infectious process. A. fumigatus produces extracellular proteases to degrade the host structural barriers. The A. fumigatus transcription factor PrtT controls the expression of multiple secreted proteases. PrtT shows similarity to the fungal Gal4-type Zn(2)-Cys(6) DNA-binding domain of several transcription factors. In this work, we further investigate the function of this transcription factor by performing a transcriptional and a proteomic analysis of the ΔprtT mutant. Unexpectedly, microarray analysis revealed that in addition to the expected decrease in protease expression, expression of genes involved in iron uptake and ergosterol synthesis was dramatically decreased in the ΔprtT mutant. A second finding of interest is that deletion of prtT resulted in the upregulation of four secondary metabolite clusters, including genes for the biosynthesis of toxic pseurotin A. Proteomic analysis identified reduced levels of three secreted proteases (ALP1 protease, TppA, AFUA_2G01250) and increased levels of three secreted polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the ΔprtT mutant possibly in response to its inability to derive sufficient nourishment from protein breakdown. This report highlights the complexity of gene regulation by PrtT, and suggests a potential novel link between the regulation of protease secretion and the control of iron uptake, ergosterol biosynthesis and secondary metabolite production in A. fumigatus