AMPLIFICATION AND COMPRESSION OF THE TEXT AND ITS TITLE AS A MEANS OF CONVEYING THE INFORMATION STRUCTURE

This article takes stock of the basic notions of information structure. There are two communicative goals to satisfy: making the information conveyed by the discourse easier for the reader/hearer to understand; indicating what the enunciator considers to be the most important. When translating from one language into another the information structure in most cases remains unchanged. However the text in the target language may not always be completely clear to the new recipient for a number of reasons, such as social and national differences between speakers of the two languages, or lack of realia in the target language. In this case the information structure needs extension in the form of descriptions, definitions, commentaries. This results either in amplification of the text in the target language or in its compression. The present work is based on an analysis of papers from American and British journals and periodicals. The article also deals with the peculiarities of the metaphor as a means of broader text compression in the titles of newspaper articles

Analysis of risk factors and predictors of pregnancy loss and strategies for the management of cervical insufficiency in pregnant women at a high risk of preterm birth

Aim: To identify risk factors and predictors of pregnancy loss and to compare the efficacy of Arabin’s pessary with cervical cerclage in women at a high risk of pregnancy loss. Materials and methods: This was a two-center retrospective case-control study that included 240 women at a high risk of preterm delivery. Group I (n = 161) included women who underwent insertion of the Arabin’s pessary between 14 and 24 weeks of pregnancy. Group II (n = 79) included women who had undergone circular cervical cerclage during the current pregnancy. All women included in the study received micronized vaginal progesterone at the dose of 200 mg/day until and including 34 weeks of gestation. Results: Threatened pregnancy loss defined as spotting or vaginal bleeding in the first trimester was diagnosed in 29.8% (48/161) of patients in Group I versus 37.9% in Group II (p =.448). Postpartum bleeding occurred in 8.1% (13/161) in women in Group I versus 22.8% in Group II (χ2 = 6.500; p =.011). Our study showed that cervical cerclage was most suitable for patients with history of obstetric complications, cervical length <15 mm, and large isthmic uterine fibroids. The use of the Arabin’s pessary reduced the rate of preterm births by 1.7-fold. A cluster analysis demonstrated that predictors of preterm birth in women with a high risk of pregnancy loss included: threatened pregnancy loss associated with chorionic/placental abruption, cervical incompetence, uterine fibroid growth to a large size, history of multiple spontaneous pregnancy losses, cervical tears during past labor, and gestational diabetes diagnosed for the first time during the current pregnancy. Conclusions: Women with a high risk of pregnancy loss treated with Arabin’s pessary or cerclage plus vaginal progesterone had a term delivery rate of 70.4% (169/240). The combined strategy of pregnancy management allowed to markedly reduce the number of preterm births. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Investigation of the efficacy and safety of a diindolylmethane-based drug in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1-2 (CIN 1-2)

Objective. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the vaginal suppositories Cervicon-DIM (diindolylmethane) in patients with histologically confirmed neoplastic processes of the cervix uteri - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1-2 (CIN 1-2). Subject and methods. The randomized study enrolled 160 patients aged 18 to 45 years; the follow-up period was 3 months. The investigators analyzed clinical and laboratory data and evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with Cervicon-DIM versus placebo. Results. Cervicon-DIM was shown to contribute to the elimination of human papillomavirus infection and to the regression of mild and moderate neoplastic processes of the cervix uteri (CIN 1-2). Conclusion. It is appropriate to prescribe Cervicon-DIM as one suppository (100 mg) twice daily for 3 months to patients with human papillomavirus infection and those with CIN 1-2. © 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved