A Panel Data Analysis On The Capital Structure Determinants Of Construction Companies Listed In S&P Bse 500

Purpose: This study examines the determinants of capital structure of firms in Indian Construction sector. An attempt has been made to analyze the determinants of capital structure using firm specific factors like size, tangibility, profitability, tax paid, non debt tax shield, uniqueness, business risk and growth opportunity of construction companies.  Research methodology: This empirical study extends from 2000 to 2019 (20 years) comprising of a total of 49 construction companies listed in S&P BSE 500. Pooled OLS regression has been used to assess the influence of defined explanatory variables on capital structure.  This study helps us to understand how the financial leverage as dependent variable is influenced by eight independent variables. Since the data used under study is cross sectional and longitudinal, Panel data analysis has been done using STATA 13. Before doing the Panel data analysis, the time series data was tested to check the stationarity, heteroscedasticity and auto correlation. Diagnostic test like Hausman test was conducted to check whether fixed effect model or random effect model is appropriate for this study. The study finds that capital structure of Indian Construction sector depends significantly on two determinants like size and uniqueness. Research implications: This study provides insights and understanding of the capital structure determinants of Indian construction sector

Effect of Awareness of Government Initiatives on Financial Inclusion: A Study of Domestic Workers in the City of Bengaluru

A key assumption in economics is that economic growth brings prosperity to all sections of the society in an equitable manner. Historically, economic growth is not associated with equitable distribution of wealth. Governments all over the world make policies and implement them to engineer an equitable distribution of wealth. Financial exclusion is the single most important factor which can keep poorer sections of the society away from the benefits of economic growth. Financial inclusion creates a window of opportunity for poor sections of society to take part in the economic prosperity brought in by economic growth. A financially inclusive society is where all financial products and services are available without difficulty at affordable cost. The Indian government has put policies in place to encourage financial inclusion by making financial products and services available to disadvantaged sections of the society. Jan Dhan Yojana to open bank accounts with zero balance, Aushyaman Bharath Yojana for medical insurance, Atal Pension Yojana for income after retirement, and Sukaya Samruddhi Yojana for supporting a girl child are a few of the schemes promoted by government for encouraging financial inclusion of the poorer sections of the society. Poor people residing in urban areas come to the city in search of a livelihood. They struggle to manage household expenses and some unforeseen events create a burden on their financial resources. Women in the family also participate in the workforce to support the family; many of them work as household domestic workers. The present study has been undertaken to assess the awareness regarding these initiatives among domestic workers in the city of Bengaluru. As per the report released by Bangalore Gruhakarmika Sangha (BBGS) and Manegelasa Kaarmikara Union, there are four lakh domestic workers in Bengaluru and the majority of them are women. Primary data has been collected using in-depth interviews. It is found that the awareness level with respect to government initiatives is not satisfactory

Modified digital space vector pulse width modulation realization on low-cost FPGA platform with optimization for 3-phase voltage source inverter

The realization of power electronic applications on hardware is a challenging task. The digital control circuit strategies are used to overcome the analog control strategies by providing great flexibility with simple equipment and higher switching frequencies. In this manuscript, an area optimized, modified digital space vector (DSV) pulse width modulation is designed and realized on low-cost FPGA. The modified digital space vector pulse width modulation (DSVPWM) uses a phase-locked loop (PLL) to generate clocks using the digital clock manager (DCM). These DCM clocks are used in the DSVPWM module to synchronize the other sub-modules. The voltage generation unit generates the three-phase (3-Ф) voltages and is used in the alpha-beta generation and sector determination unit. The reference active vectors are made by the reference generation unit and used in switching time calculation. The PWM pulses are generated using switching time generation, and lastly, the dead time occurrence unit generates the final SVPWM gate pulses. The modified DSVPWM is synthesized and implemented on Spartan-3E FPGA. The modified DSVPWM utilizes 17% slices, works at 102.45 MHz, and consumes 0.070 W total power. The simulation results and the resource utilization of modified DSVPWM are represented in detail. The modified DSVPWM is compared with existing PWM approaches on different Spartan-series FPGAs with better chip area improvemen

Changes in biochemical constituents and defense related enzymes in response to red spider mite incidence in tea

In recent years, red spider mite (RSM), Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) menace challenged the crop productivity in tea. Though the reports on bush physiology are available, a compressive data on changes in biochemical constituents including enzymes is lacking. Crop shoots were collected from the field grown tea plants (UPASI-3 & UPASI-10) and segregated into healthy, moderately infested (~4 mites leaf–1) and severely infested (>4 mites leaf–1). The crop shoots were used for determining the biochemical constituents and quality. Stress-related enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase were also analysed. Irrespective of the RSM damage, UPASI-3 significantly recorded higher amount of polyphenols, catechins, amino acids, reducing sugars and carotenoids. UPASI-10 possessed higher amount of total chlorophylls than that of UPASI-3. Irrespective of the clones, polyphenols, catechins, and pigments linearly decreased with severity of RSM infestation while reducing sugars and hydrogen peroxide linearly increased. Irrespective of the RSM damage, crop shoots of UPASI-10 contained significantly lower amount of quality parameters and stress-related enzymes, except polyphenol oxidase. Though quality related enzymes enhanced due to RSM attack initially and declined when the RSM infestation was severe. All the stress related enzymes progressively increased with the increasing degree of RSM damage. Interactions between activities of enzymes and clones with respect to RSM damage were elucidated

Quality related substrates and enzyme in tea as influenced by weather parameters

Recent threat on global warming and change in climate are not only the topic related with agricultural and biomass productivity; but on the basis of quality consciousness consumers demand, agriculturalists are indebted to offer due importance to the quality of the agricultural commodities. Quality attributes depends mainly upon the biochemical constituents. How far climatic changes influence the quality attributes of tea are unknown. In the pilot scale study, polyphenols, catechins and their oxidative enzyme are considered and variations in their ratios with respect to prevailing climatic conditions of the Anamallais are attempted. Crop shoots were collected at monthly intervals and subjected to determination of polyphenols, catechins and polyphenol oxidase assay. Weather data collected at UPASI meteorological observatory were used for correlation and factor analysis. Irrespective of the clones, "Cambod" cultivars registered higher quantum of polyphenols followed by "Assam" cultivar. Clones studied within the taxonomic group also significantly varied among them, irrespective of the sampling time. As the catechins are polyphenol derivates, the same trend was observed with total catechin content. Among the clones, SA-6 registered least amount of polyphenols and catechins when compared to other clones. Ratio of catechin to polyphenol exhibited different trend; "Cambod" cultivars registered higher values in catechin, polyphenol ratio followed by "China" and "Assam" cultivars. Polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly varied among the jats and the clones within the taxa. Microclimatic variables played an important role in accumulation of predominant quality constituents, polyphenols or catechins and the enzyme, poly phenol oxidase. Sunshine hours positively related with the above said biochemicals while rainfall has negative influence on the biochemical constituents. Maximum temperature had positive and significant correlation with quality constituents whereas, minimum temperature registered negative impact on their production. Relative humidity recorded at 8.00 am and 2.30 pm exerted negative influence on polyphenols, catechins and PPO activity. Multiple regression models derived based on the climatic variables are presented and discussed in detail

An Approach of Data Mining Techniques Using Firewall Detection for Security and Event Management System

Security is one of the most important issues to force a lot of research and development effort in last decades. We are introduced a mining technique like firewall detection and frequent item set selection to enhance the system security in event management system. In addition, we are increasing the deduction techniques we have try to overcome attackers in data mining rules using our SIEM project. In proposed work to leverages to significantly improve attack detection and mitigate attack consequences. And also we proposed approach in an advanced decision-making system that supports domain expert’s targeted events based on the individuality of the exposed IWIs. Furthermore, the application of different aggregation functions besides minimum and maximum of the item sets. Frequent and infrequent weighted item sets represent correlations frequently holding the data in which items may weight differently. However, we need is discovering the rare or frequent data correlations, cost function would get minimized using data mining techniques. There are many issues discovering rare data like processing the larger data, it takes more for process. Not applicable to discovering data like minimum of certain values. We need to handle the issue of discovering rare and weighted item sets, the frequent weighted itemset (WI) mining problem. Two novel quality measures are proposed to drive the WI mining process and Minimal WI mining efficiently in SIEM system

PRIMARY ECTOPIC PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID IN THE LARYNX: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION

 Ectopic thyroid is the result of the failure of migration of thyroid along its tract from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final pretracheal position. The incidence of an ectopic lesion in adults is 7%. Most common location is the base of tongue (lingual). Other diverse sites are larynx, trachea, mediastinum, and pericardium. These ectopic tissues may develop the same diseases as the thyroid gland. Here, we report a case of a young female presenting with a foreign body sensation in the throat and on examination revealed a smooth submucosal swelling involving the supraglottis. The entire cyst was excised in toto by KTP 532 laser via an endolaryngeal approach and it was reported as papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Literature search reported only a few cases of intralaryngeal ectopic thyroid and none with a papillary carcinoma of the larynx. This is the first reported case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in the larynx