On the bending of MS1-P20 hybrid steels additively manufactured using laser powder bed fusion

Maraging steel (MS1)-tool steel (P20) bimetals additively manufactured using the laser powder bed fusion technique were studied under different heat treatment cycles and loading conditions. The hardening of P20 and aging of MS1 were performed sequentially on the hybrid samples. The interfacial characteristics and microstructural evolution of the bulk materials were studied using various advanced electron microscopy techniques. The post-processing procedures successfully produced a uniform martensitic structure throughout the MS1-P20 hybrid steels, leading to a less detectable interface under electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) imaging. The mechanical performance of heat-treated hybrid steels was evaluated using complex loading conditions. 3-point and 4-point bending tests were performed to assess the impact of heat treatments on the mechanical performance of the hybrid steels. The heat-treated samples exhibited higher strength with relatively homogeneous hardness variations and deformed more uniformly in bending conditions.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Team Jilt Sietsm

Microstructural Evolution in Additively Manufactured Fe-Cr-Ni Maraging Stainless Steel

In this work, the effect of heating rate on the phase transformation temperatures was investigated using dilatometry analysis. Continuous heating and isothermal holding above Ac3 temperature on microstructural evolutions in additively manufactured (AM) parts of Fe-Cr-Ni maraging stainless steel were studied. The microstructural features developed within the heating processes were characterized employing electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Austenite reversion was found to take place in two steps for the AM parts by a diffusive mechanism as well as the precipitation reactions. Although grain refinement occurred during the austenite reversion of the continuously heated samples, the microstructure showed a coarser grain size after isothermal heating. The crystallographic orientations developed after the heating processes were different from those of the initial ones implying the absence of the austenite memory effect.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Team Jilt Sietsm