I’rāb ar-Raf’ wa al-Jazm li al-Fi’l al-Muḍāri’ fī Āyāt al-Qur’āniyyah wa Fawā’iduh li Ta’līm al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah (Dirāsah Naḥwiyyah Ṣarfiyyah): I’rab Raf’ and Jazm of the Simple Present tense in Quranic verses and Those Functions in Teaching the Arabic language (Morphological and Grammatical Study)

This study aims to analyze the present tense verb in the frequent Qur'anic reading, the construction of grammatical study, and its function in learning the Arabic language. This study discusses the significant differences in visualism caused by differences in the customary forms that preceded them. The study also contributes to providing students with the skill of language fluency. The results of differences in the expression of the present tense verb for the difference in the form of the tool in this study include This study uses qualitative data with primary data sources from the original books such as Al-Qur'an, As-Sab'ah fil Qira'at, An-Nasyr fi al-Qira'at al-'Asyr and secondary data sources in the form of relevant books. The data collection methods are library research to collect some data with an Arabic linguistics approach. The results of the study are the difference in the syntax of the present tense in the frequent Qur’anic readings with linking the state of the case with the meanings, and the difference of I’rab raf’ and Jazm in the structure of the present tense in the frequent Qur’anic readings with an explanation of the impact of this difference in the noble verse that contributes to building the linguistic ability of the students. Keywords: Grammatical study, Present tense, Qur’anic reading;   ملخص تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الفعل المضارع في القراءة القرآنية المتكررة وبناء الدراسة النحوية وعلاقتها في تعليم اللغة العربية. تناقش هذه الدراسة الاختلافات الكبيرة في التصور الناتجة عن الاختلافات في الأشكال العرفية التي سبقتها. كما تساهم الدراسة في تزويد الطلاب بطلاقة اللغة. تتضمن نتائج الاختلافات في التعبير عن الفعل المضارع للاختلاف في شكل الأداة في هذه الدراسة: تستخدم هذه الدراسة البيانات النوعية مع مصادر البيانات الأولية من الكتب الأصلية مثل القرآن، والصباح في القراءات، والنصير في القراءات، ومصادر البيانات الثانوية في شكل كتب ذات صلة. طرق جمع البيانات هي البحث المكتبي لجمع بعض البيانات باستخدام نهج اللغويات العربية. نتائج الدراسة هي الاختلاف في صيغة المضارع في القراءات القرآنية المتواترة مع ربط حالة الحالة بالمعاني، والاختلاف في بنية المضارع في القراءات القرآنية المتواترة مع شرح أثر هذا الاختلاف في الآية الكريمة التي تساهم في بناء القدرة اللغوية للطلاب. الكلمات المفتاحية : إعراب الرفع والجزم, الفعل المضارع, نحوية وصرفي

New synthetic reactions, involving the use of solids

Directed lithiation and substitution of various N-benzyl pivalamides and various N'-benzyl-N,N-dimethylureas could be achieved using f-BuLi in THF at low temperature followed by reactions with various electrophiles to give ring substitution ortho to the pivaloylaminomethyl side-chain and urea containing group respectively. Trifluoroacetic anhydride induced dehydration of substituted 2-(pivaloylaminomethyl)phenyl- and 2 (dimethylaminocarbonylmethyl)phenylmethanols gives the corresponding isoindolines in excellent yields. Lithiation of 2- and 4-substituted pyridines, namely N-(pyridinylmethyl)pivalamides, N'-(pyridinylmethyl)-N,N-dimethylureas and pyridinylmethyl tert-butylcarbamates, with two mole equivalents of f-BuLi in anhydrous THF at -78 C takes place on the nitrogen and on the methylene group of the side-chain. The lithium reagents thus obtained react with a variety of electrophiles to give the corresponding side-chain substituted derivatives in high yields. While the lithiation and substitution of N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)pivalamide, N'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-N,N-dimethylurea and pyridin-3- ylmethyl tert-butylcarbamate with two mole equivalents of alkyllithium in anhydrous THF at -78 C takes place on the nitrogen and on the ortho-position or on the side-chain depending on the type of lithium reagent. Treatment of one of the ring substituted products with trifluoroacetic anhydride in dichloromethane under reflux conditions led to formation of the corresponding 1 H-pyrrolo 3,4-c pyridine. A convenient method for Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds to synthesize arylidene compounds was developed using inexpensive and environmentally friendly reagents such as K2C03. The method is simple and the conditions are mild to provide high product yields. A boron reaction, which produces an alkyl ester via migration without any by-product, has been developed using HBCI2 on a solid-support

Acquisition of Arabic Students with Hybrid and Receptive Learning Models

This study aimed to analyze the ability to acquire Arabic as a second language for students of the Islamic Economics and Business Faculty at IAIN Ponorogo through hybrid and sensory learning activities. This research is qualitative with a case study type. The research population totaled 176 students, with a sample of 20 students. The sampling technique was done by non-probability sampling with the snowball sampling method because the samples were taken based on the needs of this study. The research data is in the form of pronunciation of vocabulary sounds, Arabic spelling of letters, verbs, and nouns, the ability to understand the material being listened to, and the ability to read Arabic texts for FEBI IAIN Ponorogo students in odd semesters of 2022/2023 academic year. The student reading source used as research data is the book "Al-'Arabiyyah fī Dirāsah al-Mu'āmalāt." A book taught in the course "Arabic for Economics." Observation, interviews, and documentation carry out data collection techniques. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation, concluding, and verification. The results of the study show that the acquisition of Arabic as a second language by students of the Islamic Faculty of Economics and Business at IAIN Ponorogo in attending "Arabic for Economics" courses tends to differ from one another. They are entering the pre-production language acquisition phase. That is, they have not mastered many foreign vocabulary. This is due to the educational background taken before they entered university. Another influencing factor is the environment in which students live

A simple and convenient high yielding synthesis of substituted isoindolines

Trifluoroacetic anhydride-induced dehydration of substituted 2-(pivaloylaminomethyl)phenyl- and 2-(dimethylaminocarbonylmethyl)phenylmethanols gives the corresponding isoindolines in excellent yields when there are aryl substituents at the methanol carbon atom

Variation in sites of lithiation of substituted N-benzylpivalamides and N'-benzyl-N,N-dimethylureas: application in synthesis

Directed lithiation of various substituted benzylamines takes different courses depending on the substituents at nitrogen and on the aryl ring and/or the nature of the alkyllithiums. Lithiation of N-benzylpivalamide with t-BuLi gives a mixture of ring (2-position) and side-chain lithiated species, but the 2-lithiated isomer can be obtained cleanly via bromine-lithium exchange of N-(2-bromobenzyl)pivalamide. N'-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylurea, N'-(4-substituted benzyl)-N,N-dimethylureas and N-(4-substituted benzyl)pivalamides give 2-lithiated derivatives directly with t-BuLi at -78 °C. By contrast, lithiation of N-(2-methoxybenzyl)pivalamide occurs at the 6-position, ortho- to the methoxy group, while lithiation of N'-(2-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-dimethylurea gives a mixture of 2- and 6-lithiated species. All organolithiums are converted in high yields to their corresponding substitution products on reactions with various electrophiles