Prevalence assessment of magA gene and antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens in Shahrekord, Iran

Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an opportunistic microorganism. This study aimed to investigate the presence of magA gene and antimicrobial susceptibility in K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: 195 clinical specimens were collected from hospitals of Shahrekord, Iran. Bacterial culture, biochemical diagnostic standard test, determination of antibiotic sensitivity, phenotypic testing hypermucoviscosity (HV) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for isolation and characterization of K. pneumoniae. Results: 173 samples were positive for K. pneumoniae. The highest and lowest rates of resistance were related to amoxicillin 79.19 and ciprofloxacin 15.60, respectively. Also 4 samples were positive for magA gene. Conclusion: Based on our results, K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to different antibiotics. Knowing how to identify strains of K. pneumoniae, spreading of its virulence and also antimicrobial resistance genes can be useful in treatment of infection caused by this bacterium. © 2014, Tehran University of Medical Science. All rights reserve

Prevalence of OmpK35 and OmpK36 porin expression in beta-lactamase and non-betalactamase- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

Background: The aims of this study were to confirm the presence of OmpK35 and OmpK36 in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and nonextended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and to determine the relationship between porin expression and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Methods: Fifty-two K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained and analyzed for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and for OmpK35 and OmpK36. Results: Twenty-two (42.3) isolates of K. pneumoniae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. The OmpK35 profile in K. pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase showed the presence of porin protein in ceftazidime-sensitive K. pneumoniae (six isolates), and the OmpK36 profile in K. pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase revealed isolates sensitive to cefotaxime (n = 8) and ceftriaxone (n = 6). All nonextended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae showed the presence of OmpK35 and OmpK36 porin proteins. Conclusion: The presence of OmpK35 is mostly related to ceftazidime susceptibility and less to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone susceptibility, while OmpK36 expression is seen more often in cefotaxime-sensitive isolates. OmpK35 and OmpK36 indicate nonextended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains, and their presence is important when selecting an antimicrobial agent. © 2012 Shakib et al

Heartburn and effective herbal remedies: A systematic review study in Iranian ethnobotanical documents

Every year, millions of people worldwide get sick with gastrointestinal diseases such as heartburn. Certain herbs contribute to the alleviation of heartburn, nausea, and improvement of digestion. Moreover, these herbs do not have as many side effects as synthetic drugs. As a health problem and one of the challenging issues in medical sciences, heartburn is common in children and adults worldwide. Hence, in the present study, we tried to report medicinal plants used in cultures and traditions of different regions of Iran to treat heartburn in children and adults. In this review study, articles of Iranian ethnobotanical sources were searched with the keywords of ethnobotanics, heartburn, children, adult, medicinal plants, and Iran. Journal articles published from 2010 to 2019 in several Iranian and International databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ISC, Magiran, were searched to find relevant articles and information. Anethum graveolens L., Punica granatum L., Mentha pulegium, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., Achillea millefolium, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa, etc., are the plants used in different parts of Iran to treat heartburn

Heartburn and effective herbal remedies: A systematic review study in Iranian ethnobotanical documents

Every year, millions of people worldwide get sick with gastrointestinal diseases such as heartburn. Certain herbs contribute to the alleviation of heartburn, nausea, and improvement of digestion. Moreover, these herbs do not have as many side effects as synthetic drugs. As a health problem and one of the challenging issues in medical sciences, heartburn is common in children and adults worldwide. Hence, in the present study, we tried to report medicinal plants used in cultures and traditions of different regions of Iran to treat heartburn in children and adults. In this review study, articles of Iranian ethnobotanical sources were searched with the keywords of ethnobotanics, heartburn, children, adult, medicinal plants, and Iran. Journal articles published from 2010 to 2019 in several Iranian and International databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ISC, Magiran, were searched to find relevant articles and information. Anethum graveolens L., Punica granatum L., Mentha pulegium, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., Achillea millefolium, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa, etc., are the plants used in different parts of Iran to treat heartburn

Molecular Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase in Isolated Bacteria from Blood Cultures

<p><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong>: ESBLs are a B -lactamases which had ability to hydrolyse third-generation cephalosporins and  aztreonam.  ESBLs producer bacteria are resistant to  a wide variety of antimicrobials and they made a serious global health concern for treatment strategies. So, aim of this study as to  molecular detection of ESBLs in  bacteria isolated from blood  cultures in hospitals from Kurdistan Province, Iran.</p><p><strong><em>M</em></strong><strong><em>e</em></strong><strong><em>thods</em></strong>: Biochemical test, antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc method, ESBL detection by NCCLs Phenotypic and PCR method for ESBL detection were applied. Results were analyzed by using SPSS 11.5 (p &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong>: 96 <em>S. epidermidis </em>isolated from blood cultures, <em>E. coli</em>, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp.,  <em>P.  aeruginosa</em>,  Salmonella  spp.,  <em>C.  freundii,  S.  maltophilia</em>,  also  <em>S.  aureus</em>,  and <em>S.epidermis</em>. Maximum resistance was 75% for CP and minimum resistance was 25% for GM. Of the 96 isolates, 20 (20.83%) produced ESBLs. Also 11.46%, 20.83%, 12.5%, 9.38% and 2.08%  were  positive  for  TEM, CTX-M, SHV, OXA-1  and  OXA-2  ensymes,  respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Inappropriate therapy for infections with ESBL producers is cause of prolongs hospital stay and mortality.  So, more research on drug resistance with ESBL is necessary.</p

Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LAM family in the worldwide population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) is one of a family of phylogenic MTB, and its name is derived from the geographical area that has been isolated. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of MTB LAM family worldwide by meta-analysis and a systematic review. Methods: Data sources for this study are comprised of 70 original articles (2001–2013) that were published in the literature in several databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Biological abstracts, ISI Web of Knowledge and IranMedex. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis (Meta R, Version 2.13 package [p<0.10], CI: 95%). Results: The highest and lowest occurrence rate of the LAM family in MTB was in Europe and Asia. Totally, the prevalence of the LAM family in Europe, Africa, America and Asia was 32.10%, 29.20%, 14.4% and 0.2%, respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that MTB LAM family is prevalent in European countries. LAM sub-lineage is a major focus of studies carried out in different countries. Proper technique for prevention of transmission of MTB is necessary

Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis T family in different continents (2000–2012): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims and objectives: Molecular methods in bacteriology showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to have families, such as Beijing, Haarlem, Africa, East-African-Indian, Latin American and T. Each year, tuberculosis (TB) causes more than 2 million deaths in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of the MTB T family in different countries using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Data sources of this study are comprised of 151 original articles (2000–2012) that were published in the literature databases: PubMed) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, the years of coverage of this web site is 1955). The prevalence of MTB T family in different continents, including America, Europe, Asia and Africa, were studied. Inclusion criteria were: research articles with full text, and articles with abstracts in English. Excluded studies were: review articles, congress abstracts, studies that reported in languages other than English and studies that were not available in abstract or full text, studies that their sampling location was uncertain, studies that locations of sampling were performed at the same time, and studies that their data were not clear. These data were analyzed using meta-analysis and random effects models with the software package Meta R, Version 2.13 (p<0.10) Confidence Interval (CI: 95%). Results: 44 of 151 articles were applied; the prevalence of MTB T family in different continents was in America (Spain; 80% in 2009), Europe (Sough; 48.7% in 2008), Africa (South Africa; 23% in 2011) and Asia (Iran; 32.30% in 2010). The highest and lowest occurrence rate of MTB T family was Spain 80% in 2009 and in South Korea 2.1% in 2010, respectively. Pooled estimation of MTB T family samples was 19,873. Also, fixed effects for years showed that CI was between 5%–40%. Conclusion: Different research was studied on the prevalence of MTB T family in various countries. In this study, Spain with 80% in 2009 had more prevalence compared with other countries. The presence of MTB T family in studies indicate effective programs and management are required to control and prevent the spread of MTB, especially the T family

The prevalence of extended-spectrum betalactamases among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from Ibn Sina hospital of Delfan, Lorestan

Background : The most common cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli is resulted from beta-lactamase enzymes production. Unfortunately, some of these enzymes, called “Extended-spectrum betalactamases” are able to make inactive new third-generation cephalosporins as well as aztheronam. Several studies have reported the prevalence of ESBLs in Iran as well as other regions of the world. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the prevalence of the ESBLs among uropathogenic E.coli isolated from Delfan city, Lorestan (2012). Materials and Methods: In this study, one–hundred uropatogenic E.coli isolates were collected and identified from hospitalised patients in Ibn Sina hospital in Delfan city. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were performed on Muller-Hinton agar plates using disk diffusion method. Phenotypic assay of ESBLs production was accomplished using cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefpodoxime disks alone and in combination with Clavulanic acid (combined disk). Results: Among 100 collected isolates, the most resistance were seen to ampicillin (85%) and also, there was no resistance to imipenem (0%). In addition, the results of the combined disk assay showed that 80% of the isolates were ESBLs positive. Conclusion: The results of this study and other studies have indicated that incidence of ESBLs in Iran as well as Delfan city is high. Therefore, determination of ESBLs positive isolates by microbiology laboratories using combined disk method, limited use of beta-lactams and the non-empirical therapy of infectious diseases in hospitalised patients as far as possible can notably improve the efficiency of beta-lactams antibiotic

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iran using Spoligotyping

Spoligotyping can help assess the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. We aimed to study the genotyping of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with tuberculosis from the west of Iran by spoligotyping. Forty-seven M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from the west of Iran. All samples were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium incubated at 37°C for 8 weeks. Bacterial isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis using standard biochemical tests. Drug resistance patterns of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin and isoniazid were determined, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated. After DNA extraction, spoligotyping was performed. We found new spoligotypes 4162 and 4163, which correlated with atypical lineage. Atypical and unknown lineages also had correlations with the MDR tuberculosis rate (4%). The most prevalent spoligointernational types were orphan (34%), 2669 (23.4%) and 127 (14.8%) types. The most prevalent clades were Ural-2 (NEW-1) (25.53%) and atypical (23.40%) lineages. The predominant clade was Ural-2 (NEW-1) and an atypical lineage restricted to Iran. The rate of MDR was low. Knowledge of the circulating isolates in the west of Iran will help implement control programmes, so knowledge of the dynamic transmission of local isolates is crucial. Keywords: Epidemiology, Iran, Molecular, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Spoligotypin