Biomaterials in Valvular Heart Diseases

Valvular heart disease (VHD) occurs as the result of valvular malfunction, which can greatly reduce patient\u27s quality of life and if left untreated may lead to death. Different treatment regiments are available for management of this defect, which can be helpful in reducing the symptoms. The global commitment to reduce VHD-related mortality rates has enhanced the need for new therapeutic approaches. During the past decade, development of innovative pharmacological and surgical approaches have dramatically improved the quality of life for VHD patients, yet the search for low cost, more effective, and less invasive approaches is ongoing. The gold standard approach for VHD management is to replace or repair the injured valvular tissue with natural or synthetic biomaterials. Application of these biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a great promise for treatment of this type of heart disease. The focus of the present review is the current use of different types of biomaterials in treatment of valvular heart diseases

Evaluation of clinical characteristics of breast malignancies in sabzevar

Evaluation of clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Sabzevar Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women with 6.6% of cases diagnosed in young women below the age of 40, 2.4% in women less than 35, and 0.65% in women less than 30. On the other side, less than 1% of all breast cancer cases are found in men. Owing to advances both in early detection and in adjuvant systemic therapy, mortality rates from breast cancer have been decreasing steadily. However, it is still the leading cause of cancer death in women in both developing and developed regions. Breast cancer detection, treatment, and prevention are prominent issues in public health and medical practice. Background information on developments in these arenas is provided so that medical directors can continue to update their approach to the assessment of breast cancer risk. In the current study it was aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Sabzevar. Methods: All subjects have been selected among patients with breast cancer referred to Vaseii hospital in sabzevar between years 2011 and 2013. Data collection were performed by interview and all data analysis were done using spss software. Results were considered Significant by p≤0.05. Results and discussion: In the currents study 141 subjects (140 female and 1 male) were evaluated. Of which 89.4 % were considered as housekeepers and most of them (82.7%) never graduated from university. 70.9 % of cases with breast cancer have been diagnosed with tumors on their left sides. Also 17.6% of the population under study had history of cancer in their family members. According to the obtained results most of the cases (more than 70%) were categorized as persons with obesity based on BMI. Tumor stage was observed 3 for 51.7% of subjects as the most. Tumor markers including ER, PR, Ki67, TP53, and HER2 have been evaluated for different patients. Based on type of cancer 95.7% of cases were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. 5.7% of individuals were diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer as well, so that bone was dominant site of metastasis (87.5% of cases) among patients with metastatic cancer. In the case of therapy mode, 81.2% of subjects underwent MRM surgery. Chemotherapy procedure was performed using Supra clave dose 200per fraction for 99.2% of cases. In the current study it is highly suggested that to obtain the most effective method for cancer treatment, different populations must be studied and regarding to the point that each population has it’s unique characteristics hence based on the kind of population, the most suitable kind of f therapy must be employed. Keywords: Breast cancer, clinical characteristics, tumor markers, breast cancer risk factors