The role of various dyeing auxiliaries in the fastness characteristics of cotton coloured with various natural dyes through Pad-steam method (Part-I)

This research project was carried to evaluate the colour fastness of cotton fabric some dyed with natural dyes obtained from plant and applied on by pad steam method. Due to the rising trend of going “green” all over the world, the revival of natural dyes on textiles have become crucial. Dyes from natural sources show improved biodegradability and are mostly environment ecofriendly. Their natural colouring substance is usually non-allergic,  non-carcinogenic non-toxic, and non-hazardous to the user as well as environment. However,  their non-uniform shades and poor to moderate colourfastness are some of the common drawbacks. In this research, dyes from alkanet root (Alkanna tinctoria), , madder root (Rubia tinctorum), cutch root (Acacia catechu), marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) and Turkey red (Rubia cordifolia) were used on cotton fabric. To appraise the prospect of improving their fastness properties, various dyeing auxiliaries have been incorporated in the dying formulas. Besides metallic mordants (alum, aluminium sulphate, potassium dichromate, copper sulphate, and ferric chloride), cationizing agents, finishing agents, crosslinkers and UV absorbers were applied by pre and post treatment techniques. Key Words: Natural dye, alkanet root, cutch root, madder root, marigold flower, Turkey red, pad-steam dyein

A Rice Variety (BRRI dhan29) Yield Performance as Influenced by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid in Bangladesh

Objective of this study was to examine and evaluate the role of different rates of salicylic acid (SA) as foliar spray on growth and yield performance of BRRI dhan29. The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh from November, 2016 to May, 2017 following a randomized complete block design with five rates of SA in six replications. The results showed that the lower rate of SA (upto 0.75 mM) has a positive effect on rice biomass production including effective tiller per hill, filled grain per panicle, grain yield and straw yield. The highest dry matter production at both maximum tillering and panicle initiation stages was found at SA spray rate of 0.5 mM. The highest number of effective tillers per hill (14.7) as well as the highest filled grain (120.4) and grain yield (8.1 t/ha) were found at SA rate of 0.75 mM. However, the maximum biomass production was obtained at SA rate of 0.25 mM. The minimum grain yield (7.0 t/ha) was observed in the control treatment

Design of a Smart Shirt to Monitor Human Body Temperature Using the Internet of Things

Health care systems were greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Everyone was feeling insecure, whether infected. Among the symptoms identified by the virus, body-temperature was the most prominent sign. This research proposes accurate body temperature monitoring without requiring close contact or affecting one’s normal business operations. This study presents a smart shirt design based on the Internet of Things applications. The proposed shirt will allow the wearer to monitor their body temperature. This is achieved using an Arduino microcontroller with a temperature sensor, a display screen, and a battery as a power source. In this system, the temperature sensor measures the body temperature and transmits the information to the microcontroller, which is displayed on the screen. This study identifies the most appropriate location for placing the smart components in shirt, considering the comfort and style of the wearer

3D-QSPR Method of Computational Technique Applied on Red Reactive Dyes by Using CoMFA Strategy

Cellulose fiber is a tremendous natural resource that has broad application in various productions including the textile industry. The dyes, which are commonly used for cellulose printing, are “reactive dyes” because of their high wet fastness and brilliant colors. The interaction of various dyes with the cellulose fiber depends upon the physiochemical properties that are governed by specific features of the dye molecule. The binding pattern of the reactive dye with cellulose fiber is called the ligand-receptor concept. In the current study, the three dimensional quantitative structure property relationship (3D-QSPR) technique was applied to understand the red reactive dyes interactions with the cellulose by the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) method. This method was successfully utilized to predict a reliable model. The predicted model gives satisfactory statistical results and in the light of these, it was further analyzed. Additionally, the graphical outcomes (contour maps) help us to understand the modification pattern and to correlate the structural changes with respect to the absorptivity. Furthermore, the final selected model has potential to assist in understanding the charachteristics of the external test set. The study could be helpful to design new reactive dyes with better affinity and selectivity for the cellulose fiber

Law and Inclusion : Stakeholders' View of Special Needs in Bangladesh

The study was carried out in Dhaka, Bangladesh from July to December 2011.The objective was to investigate the stakeholders’ awareness about the educational laws of special needs children, describe the findings and to recommend some future plans for the government of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is extremely enthusiastic about signing the national and international treaty and resolution. As a result, the researcher wanted to find out how much stakeholders know about these laws in a real-life situation. The study followed a case study with a qualitative approach with the design of an open ended informal interview. Due to the objectives, the study is descriptive in nature. The sample comprises eight of the stakeholders from different walks of life whom are directly or indirectly related to the education sector and special education in Bangladesh. The results show that apart from specific matters in specific situation, almost all of the stakeholders feel the need for the special law for the education of children with special needs. Some important findings are that some of the stakeholders are not at all aware about the existing laws for the children with special needs. Some of the stakeholders do not support the inclusion of the children with special needs but agreed to have separate schools for them. The findings will give the readers an idea about the stakeholders view about the laws and education of the children with special needs. Recommendation for suggesting the policy makers to think, adopt or make new laws for the children with special needs

Waves of Happiness-A Positive Revolution

Abstract- The present Article “Waves of Happiness- A Positive Revolution” is a research on application of Happiness Curriculum in Schools of D.O.E. (Directorate of Education), Delhi. The curriculum has brought a positive revolution not only in the behavioral issues of the school going children but in the adults as well . As we know that happiness is the ultimate goal of every individual. Everyone wants to lead a stress free and happy life but nobody knows How? To reduce that pressure, overcoming all the hurdles and still remain calm and composed is a big challenge. The article focuses on how happiness curriculum is the route to keep the mind calm and compose in all the walks of life. Students across the schools of Delhi have been practicing mindfulness and learning compassion, love and affection through stories, exercises and expression. The process has changed the total behavior of the students and teachers. They have got elevated mentally, emotionally physically and socially paving the way to their success. Thus the main objective of present article is to highlight the change in the behavior of the students thereby creating good citizens and humans above all

Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Packaging on Storage Quality of Sweet Cherry

The present investigations “Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Packaging on Storage Quality of Sweet Cherry” was carried out in the Division of Post Harvest Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Zakura, Srinagar during two consecutive years 2009 and 2010. Sweet cherry cvs. Misri and Double packed in fibre board boxes or shrink wrapped in plastic punnets, gamma irradiated in the dose range of 0.3 -1.5 kGy were stored under ambient (18±2ºC, RH 75±5%) and refrigerated conditions (3±1ºC, RH 85±5%) for 9-28 days to monitor quality changes with respect to physico-chemical, microbial and sensory attributes at periodical intervals. Cherry variety, irradiation dose, storage temperature, time and packaging materials influenced the rate of quality changes in the samples. Among the treatments cherries Misri or Double, shrink-wrapped and irradiated at 1.2 kGy exhibited minimum CPLW of 3.51-4.20 per cent during 28 days of refrigerated storage and yeast and mould count of 1.24-1.26 log cfu/g without spoilage. The cherries had TSS (15.36-16.52), pH (3.80), acidity (0.67-0.72%), total phenols (24.30-26.26 mg/100g ), anthocyanins (6.88 to 10.38 mg/100g) and ascorbic acid (3.70-4.02 mg/100g). The fruits were rated superior by panellists up to 28 days of refrigeration with over all acceptability score of 3.53-3.67 compared to fruits stored for 9 days under ambient conditions with the overall acceptability score of 3.43-3.57. During post cold storage studies shrink wrapped cherries, treated with 1.2 kGy gamma irradiation dosage after 28 days of refrigerated storage exhibited shelf life extension of 3 days when kept under stimulated market conditions (18±2ºC, RH 75±5%). This post harvest management strategy is of commercial importance to regulate market supplies and sale price of the fruit for the growers in the marketing channels

Design and synthesis of multifunctional polymeric micelles for targeted delivery in Helicobacter pylori infection

This study aimed to design a hyaluronic acid-based targeted, mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating drug delivery system encapsulating clarithromycin that would improve the drug residence time at H. pylori infection site. Clarithromycin-loaded thiolated hyaluronic acid-co-oleic acid (CLR-thHA-co-OA), clarithromycin-loaded ureido-conjugated thiolated hyaluronic acid-co-oleic acid (CLR-Ur-thHA-co-OA), and clarithromycin-loaded papain-modified ureido-conjugated thiolated hyaluronic acid-co- oleic acid (CLR-PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA) nanomicelles were prepared by an ultra-sonication method. FTIR data confirmed the successful grafting of the different ligands to polymer backbone. XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the polymer conjugate and drug inside nanomicelles. The critical micelle concentration of PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA nanomicelles was found to be 15.85 µg/ml. Also, the sizes of nanomicelles were in the range of 210–258 nm. TEM analysis of CLR-PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA nanomicelles confirmed their small size and spherical shape. Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of CLR-PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA nanomicelles were –24 mV and 80 ± 7.2% respectively. A sustained drug release pattern was observed for all types of prepared nanomicelles, whereas CLR-PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA ones also displayed improved stability at acidic pH. Due to the presence of thiol groups in the polymer backbone, thiolated nanomicelles displayed important mucoadhesive properties. In this regard, FDA loaded PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA nanomicelles showed the deepest penetration distance into the mucus by cleavage of mucoglycoproteins when compared to papain-unmodified nanomicelles. Fluorescent images of gastric tissues revealed the greater gastric retention time of nanomicelles compared to the free drug. As consequence, an enhanced in vitro efficacy against H. pylori was observed by nanomicelles. The in vivo clearance study showed an improved eradication of H. pylori by CLR-PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA nanomicelles in comparison to other nanoformulations. Thus, the newly synthesized CLR-PAP-Ur-thHA-co-OA nanomicelles have the potential to be used as an efficient nanocarrier for H. pylori infection treatment due to their enhanced mucopenetration and mucoadhesion properties, as well as their improved stability and extended drug releaseP.T also thanks Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) by project PID2019-109517RB-I00. ERDF funds are also acknowledgedS