Research Network of Tehran Defined Population: Methodology and Establishment

Background: We need a defined population for determining prevalence and incidence of diseases, as well as conducting interventional, cohort and longitudinal studies, calculating correct and timely public health indicators, assessing actual health needs of community, performing educational programs and interventions to promote healthy lifestyle, and enhancing quality of primary health services.The objective of this project was to determine a defined population which is representative of Tehran, the Capital of Iran. This article reports the methodology and establishment of the research network of Tehran defined population.Methods: This project started by selecting two urban health centers from each of the five district health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Inside each selected urban health center, one defined population research station was established. Two new centers have been added during 2013 and 2014. For the time being, the number of the covered population of the network has reached 40000 individuals. The most important criterion for the defined population has been to be representative of the population of Tehran. For this, we selected two urban health centers from 12 of 22 municipality districts and from each of the five different socioeconomic of Greater Tehran. Merely 80000 individuals in neighborhoods of each defined population research station were considered as control group of the project.Results: Totally we selected 12 defined population research stations and their under-covered population developed a defined population which is representative of Tehran population.Conclusion: a population lab is ready now in metropolitan of Tehran

بررسی ارتباط عوارض واکسن پنتا والان با سطح تحصیلات مادران در مناطق تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهد بهشتي

Background and Aims: Scientific research has shown that parents’ education level positively affects health conditions of the child. This study was performed to determine the relationship between mothers' education status and pentavalent vaccine complications.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey consisting of 676 children vaccinated with pentavalent was performed in health care centers covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from June to December, 2015. There were examples of both sexes and 2-6 month age groups. A questionnaire was delivered to parents after completing their child profile and all the side effects observed in children were marked and returned to the vaccination center within a week. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics in SPSS software. Ethical issues were all considered.Results: About 2.4% out of total study group (mothers) were illiterate and 36.4 % were higher educated. Fever, pain, restlessness and induration included the most common side effects. Among the side effects studied, only fever, pain and restlessness were associated with maternal education level. These side effects were significantly lower in children having higher educated mothers.Conclusion: Considering the fact that the symptoms of fever, pain and restlessness were rarely found in children whose mothers had higher levels of education in this research, it can be concluded that these mothers reported the side effects of vaccine more accurately and reliably.زمینه و اهداف: تحققات نشان داده تحصلات بالاتر والدین اثر مثبت روی شرایط سلامت کودک دارد. این مطالعه به منظور تعيين ارتباط عوارض زودرس واكسن پنتا والان با سطح تحصلات مادران انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: یان پژوهش ي مطالعه توصيفي مقطعي است كه بر روي 676 كودک واكسينه شده با واكسن پنتاوالان از خرداد تا آذرماه  1394 در مراکز تحت پوشش دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي انجام شد. نمونه ها در گروه سني 2 تا 6 ماهه بودند. ابزار جمع آوري اطلاعات، پرسشنامه اي ک بود كه بعد از تكميل مشخصات كودک و دریافت شماره تلفن تماس، توسط مسئول واكسيناسيون به والدن كودک تحویل داده می يشد تا طي یك  هفته كليه عوارض مشاهده شده در كودک را علامت گذاري نمایند و به مركز واكسيناسيون عودت دهند. داده ها با استفاده از روش آمار  توصيفي در نرم افزار SPSS، تجز ه و تحليل شدند. در کليه مراحل انجام پژوهش، موازین اخلاقي، مراعات گردد. یافته ها: 2/4 درصد از مادران بيسواد بودند و 36/4درصد تحصيلات دانشگاهي داشتند. بيشترین عوارض مورد مشاهده به ترتيب شامل تب، درد، بيقراري و اندوراسيون بود. ازابن عوارض مورد بررسی، فقط تب درد و بیقراری با تحصلات مادران ارتباط داشت و به میزان معناداری در کودکانی که مادرانشان تحصیلات دانشگاهی داشتند، کمتر دیده شد. نتیجه گیری: در تحقق حاضر با توجه به انكه عارضه تب درد و بی قراری در كودكاني كه سطح تحصيلات مادر بالاتر بوده است، كمتر گزارش شده است، می توان چنين نتيجه گيري نمود كه این مادران درگزارش دهی، دقت بيشتري داشتها ند و پاسخهاي قابل اعتمادتري داده اند.  &nbsp

Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran

An epidemiological study to examine the sero-prevalence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL) among domestic and wild canines in endemic foci of Iran was carried out during 1999-2003 to assess the distribution of the disease and the possible association between infection in dogs, wild canines and people. Anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by the direct agglutination test (DAT). Parasitological study was performed for all captured wild canines and were detected in some of the seropositive dogs with specific clinical signs (n = 107). Serum samples (n = 1568) were collected from domestic dogs in villages that are known endemic foci of human visceral leishmaniosis (HVL). Wild canine sera were collected from jackals (Canis aureus, n = 10), foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n = 10) and wolves (Canis lupus, n = 10). Of the 1568 serum sampled collected from domestic dogs, 222 (14.2%) were positive by DAT (1:320 and above). No statistically significant difference was found between male (15.2%) and female (11.8%) sero-prevalence (P = 0.083). Dogs of 8 years and above showed the highest sero-prevalence (40.6%). Only 23.9% of the seropositive domestic dogs had clinical signs. Parasitology and serology tests that were performed in 30 wild canines showed 10% these animals were infected by Leishmania infantum. Ten out of 11 Leishmania spp. isolated from the dogs and wild canines were identified as L infantum and one other as L. tropica by molecular and biochemical techniques. For the first time in Iran, L. infantum and L. tropica were isolated from viscera of both a wolf and a domestic dog. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Seroparasitological evaluation of Plasmodium vivax malaria and stability of the anti-plasmodial antibodies in Parsabad Ardabil province

زمینه و هدف: مالاریا یکی از مهمترین بیماری های انگلی در جهان و برخی از مناطق ایران محسوب می شود. علاوه بر مناطق آندمیک این بیماری در جنوب و جنوب شرقی، در سال های اخیر، شمال غربی کشور نیز با ظهور مالاریای ویواکس مواجه شده است. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی مقایسه ای سروپارازیتولوژی مالاریا با روش ایمونوفلوئورسانس غیر مستقیم (IFA) و پایداری آنتی بادی های ضد پلاسمودیومی شهرستان پارس آباد واقع در استان اردبیل در شمال غربی ایران صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 250 نمونه از افراد مبتلا به مالاریا که با روش میکروسکوپی تایید شده و تحت درمان با ترکیبات ضد مالاریا بوده اند و 250 نمونه از گروه شاهد منفی، بین سال های 84-1382 انجام پذیرفت. پایداری آنتی بادی‌های ضد پلاسمودیوم ویواکس در سرم های تهیه شده از گروه های آزمون و شاهد در پایان دوره مطالعه با استفاده از روش های ایمونوفلوئورسانس (IFA) و مستقیم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده های به دست آمده با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و t دانشجویی تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: در بررسی انجام شده به روش میکروسکپی، از مبتلایان به مالاریا همگی به پلاسمودیوم ویواکس آلوده و گروه شاهد همگی منفی بودند و هیچگونه آلودگی مضاعف با این روش مشاهده نشد. نتیجه بررسی سروپارازیتولوژیک با روش ایمونوفلوئورسانس نشانگر آن بود که 47 مورد (19) از گروه آزمون و 4 مورد (6/1) از گروه شاهد آنتی بادی ضد پلاسمودیوم ویواکس را دارا بودند (001/0

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis

The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction in Employees of Northern Tehran Health Care Center

Background and Objective: Today, the organizations are obligated to take sufficient attention to human resources in order to attain greater efficiency and ultimately achieve their goals. Considering the importance of desirable behavior in organizations and its impact on the attitudes and perceptions of employees, it is necessary to pay special attention to the treatment of staff and their needs. The present study was prepared to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment and job satisfaction among health care employees in north Tehran.Materials and Methods: The study was done descriptive-analytical among employees with at least 6 months of experience and with a sample size of 259 patients at the health center. Data collection tools consisted job satisfaction, organizational justice and organizational commitment questionnaires. SPSS software was used for data analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test was used for independent groups and regression.Results: The mean (SD) of Job satisfaction in employees was 50.1 (12.3), perceived organizational justice was 66.4 (1.17) and organizational commitment was 61.3 (5.7), out of 100. The result value of the correlation coefficient indicates positive and significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment with job satisfaction. Also, components of affective commitment and normative commitment has a significant relationship with job satisfaction, and all of the components of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice) have a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that organizational justice and organizational commitment are able to predict job satisfaction of the employees. But the components of procedural justice and distributive justice were not able to predict job satisfaction, and job satisfaction can be predicted only through interactional justice. Affective commitment and normative commitment were able to predict job satisfaction as well, and continuous commitment component is not able to predict job satisfaction.Conclusion: According to the correlation of organizational justice and organizational commitment with job satisfaction, managers can use efficient methods such as effective management, freedom of action, motivation and self-care, in-service training, the division of labor based on merit and ability, etc. to increase commitment, job satisfaction and justice perceptions of the employees, affect their behavior and increase their efficiency and effectiveness in order to further the organizational goals

Job Satisfaction and its Influencing Factors among Shomal Health Center of Tehran Personnel in 2014

Background and Objective: Job satisfaction is an important variable in the area of organizational behavior. Without job satisfaction it is not possible to achieve organizational goals. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction among Shomal health center of Tehran personnel affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was a descriptive-analytical one. Shomal health center of Tehran personnel with at least six months of work experience participated in the study. Data were collected by demographic characteristics and the Minnesota Satisfaction questionnaire. Job satisfaction was categorized into six areas and five levels. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Chronbach’s alpha calculation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-18 software.Results: Two hundreds and Fifty-nine personnel participated in the study. The mean (SD) of overall satisfaction score was 50.1(12.3) from 100. The study showed that job satisfaction of financial facilities and welfare, educational facilities and job promotion, politics and policy management, quality of human relations, Job security and professional social status were 40%, 43.4%, 53.4%, 66.6%, 54.3% and 57.4%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between gender and occupational field.Conclusion:  Improving the physical conditions at workplace, increasing employee participation in decision-making, the relative increase in salary, Encouraging personnel, job promotion and intimate relationships between them can lead to increase job satisfaction among employees.</div

Couples’ Educational Needs Referred to Ershad and Fazel Health Centers of Tehran for Pre-marriage Tests in 2014

Background and Objective: Premarital education is the foundation for the development of couples’ communications, sexual relationships, health and fertility. Therefore, this study was done with the purpose of determining couples’ educational needs referred to Ershad and Fazel health centers of Tehran for pre-marriage tests.Materials and Methods: A Cross Sectional study was conducted among couples who referred to health centers. The sample size was 1672 and the sampling method was convenience.. Demographic data was collected through interview with women based on questionnaires. Then the couples responded to the self-administered educational needs questionnaire. The collected data were entered into SPSS-21 statistical software and analyzed using Chi-Square test.Results: 883 women and 789 men completed the educational needs questionnaire. The mean (SD) age of women and men were 27.1 (4.5) and 30.2 (5.3) years respectively. Of all female participants 483 (54.7%) and 369 (41.8%) of male participants had a bachelor's degree. 97.5% of men and 57.1% of women were employed. The ethnicity of about 72% of participants was Far. Most of the pre-marriage educational needs of men and women were marital health, importance of pre-marriage tests, unintended pregnancy prevention methods, correct marital relationship and prenatal care. 313 (64.6%) women and 238 (42.8%) men reported the pre-marriage educational class to be very helpful. The educational needs of couples were not different based on education, ethnicity and place of residence.Conclusion: Results of the currents study shows the need for pre-marriage education in all evaluated aspects and the importance of paying attention to it for prospering the pre-marital classes.</p

Some user attitudes regarding gas burning cooking appliances.

<p>Some user attitudes regarding gas burning cooking appliances.</p