Association of maternal serum zinc status with neonatal birth weight

Background: Zinc, a vital micronutrient, plays a significant role in cellular growth and immune function. Insufficient maternal zinc levels can impact fetal growth, leading to low birth weight, a risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of maternal serum zinc status with neonatal birth weight. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladeshfrom November 2019 to October 2021. A total of 60 women in their postnatal period were included in this study among which 30 women having a baby weighing < 2.5 kg were considered as the cases and 30 women having babies weighing ≥ 2.5 kg were enrolled as the controls. Results: In the present study, none of the socio-demographic characteristics in both case and control groups were statistically significant (p > 0.05). Mean BMI was 23.88±1.36 kg/m2 in cases and 24.39±1.39 kg/m2 in controls, with 16.7% of cases overweight (p>0.05). Cases had lower maternal serum zinc (58.33±27.63 mcg/dL) than controls (82.96±16.94 mcg/dL), significantly affecting neonatal birth weight (p=0.001, r=+0.406). Low zinc levels (<68 mcg/dL) increased the risk of birth weight <2.500 Kg by nearly six times (OR 5.67, 95% CI 1.84-17.49; p=0.002). Conclusions: From the findings, it can be concluded that serum zinc status is associated with the birth weight of the neonates. Low serum level of zinc is related to neonatal LBW

Crystal Structure of Ethyl 2-Cyano-3-[(1-ethoxyethylidene) Amino]-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-7-Methyl-5H-1,3-Thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-Carboxylate

In the title compound, C22H24N4O4S, the central pyrimidine ring adopts a sofa conformation with the ring-junction N atom displaced by 0.2358 (6) Å from the mean plane of the remaining ring atoms. The 3-methoxyphenyl ring, at the chiral C atom opposite the other N atom, is positioned axially and is inclined to the thiazolopyrimidine ring with a dihedral angle of 83.88 (7)°. The thiazole ring is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0034 Å). In the crystal, pairs of weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link molecules related by twofold rotation axes to form R22(8) rings, which in turn are linked by weak C—H...N interactions, forming ribbons along [-110]. In addition, π-π stacking interactions [centroid—centroid distance = 3.5744 (15) Å] connect the ribbons, forming slabs lying parallel to (001)

Diethyl 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1,4-Dihydropyridine-3,5-Dicarboxylate

In the title compound, C23H25NO4, the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. The naphthalene ring system forms a dihedral angle of 88.59 (6)° with the pyridine ring. In the crystal, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate an R12(6) ring motif and result in a zigzag chain along the b axis. Additional C—H...O hydrogen bonds form infinite chains along the c-axis direction

Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of a CuII-theophylline complex: [Cu(theo)2 (H2O)3]·2H2O

The complex [Cu-II (theo)(2)(H2O)(3)].2H(2)O (theo = theophylline) was obtained from aqueous solution. The crystals belong to the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, and are reflection twins about the (001) face. The structure was solved using data from a twinned crystal and refined to final R and R(W) values of 0.069 and 0.064, respectively. Copper has a square-pyramidal coordination with two thee molecules coordinating through N(7) at equatorial positions. The remaining sites are occupied by water molecules. O(6) of one of the thee molecules is at the other axial site at a longer distance of 3.18 Angstrom. This could lead to an alternate (4+1+1) octahedral coordination geometry for Cu-II. The packing is stabilized by stacking interactions between the theophylline moieties at an average separation of 3.46 Angstrom

Structural Modifications Leading to Changes in Supramolecular Aggregation of Thiazolo[3, 2-A]Pyrimidines: Insights into their Conformational Features

The compounds, 7-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1), 3-amino-2-cyano-7-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2), 2-dimethylaminomethylene-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine- 6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3), 2-(3-cyano-benzylidene)-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3- dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester; with N,N-dimethyl-formamide (4) and 3-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6- carboxylic acid methyl ester (5) have been synthesized and their structures evaluated crystallographically. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P¯i with Z=8, with four molecules in the asymmetric unit. Compound 2 also crystallizes in the space group P¯i with Z=4 wherein asymmetric unit accommodates two molecules. Compound 3 belongs to P21/c with Z=4, compound 4 crystallizes in Pbc21 with Z= 4 and compound 5 belongs to P¯i with Z=2. In all the above compounds, the aryl ring positioned at C5 of thiazolopyrimidine ring is almost perpendicular. In the case of compounds with substituted phenyl ring, aryl group-up conformation predominates. However, for compounds with unsubstituted phenyl ring, aryl group-down conformation is adopted. By varying the substituents at positions C2, C3, C6 and on the aryl at C5 in the main molecular scaffold of (1-5), we have observed significant differences in the intermolecular interaction patterns. The packing features of the compounds are controlled by C-H…O, C-H…N, N-H…N O-H…N, C-H…p and p…p weak interactions

Crystal Structure of Ethyl 2-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-Methyl-3-Oxo-2,3-Dihydro-5H-1,3-Thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-Carboxylate

In the title molecule, C23H18F2N2O3S, the 4-fluoro-substituted and 2-fluoro-substituted benzene rings form dihedral angles of 88.16 (8) and 23.1 (1)°, respectively, with the thiazole ring. The pyrimidine ring adopts a flattened sofa conformation with the sp3-hydridized C atom forming the flap. In the crystal, pairs of weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link molecules related by twofold rotation axes, forming R22(10) rings, which are in turn linked by weak C—H...N interactions to form chains of rings along [010]. In addition, weak C—H...π(arene) interactions link the chains into layers parallel to (001) and π-π interactions with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.836 (10) Å connect these layers into a three-dimensional network

Methyl 5-(4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-2-(4-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-thia­zolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C24H22N2O6S, a pyrimidine ring substituted with 4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­phenyl is fused with a thia­zole ring. The 4-hy­droxy-3-meth­oxy­phenyl group is positioned axially to the pyrimidine ring, making a dihedral angle 85.36 (7)°. The pyrimidine ring adopts a twist boat conformation. In the crystal, O—H⋯N inter­actions result in a chain running along the b axis. The carbonyl O atom bonded to the thia­zole ring is involved in two C—H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter­actions forming centrosymmetric dimers; the ten- and six-membered rings resulting from these inter­actions have R 2 2(10) and R 1 2(6) motifs, respectively

A CASE-BASED REASONING SYSTEM FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SENSITIVITY TO STRESS IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY

Abstract Stress is an increasing problem in our present world. Especially negative stress could cause serious health problems if it remains undiagnosed/misdiagnosed and untreated. In stress medicine, clinicians' measure blood pressure, ECG, finger temperature and breathing rate during a number of exercises to diagnose stressrelated disorders. One of the physiological parameters for quantifying stress levels is the finger temperature measurement which helps the clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of stress. However, in practice, it is difficult and tedious for a clinician to understand, interpret and analyze complex, lengthy sequential sensor signals. There are only few experts who are able to diagnose and predict stress-related problems. A system that can help the clinician in diagnosing stress is important, but the large individual variations make it difficult to build such a system. This research work has investigated several artificial Intelligence techniques for the purpose of developing an intelligent, integrated sensor system for establishing diagnosis and treatment plan in the psychophysiological domain. To diagnose individual sensitivity to stress, case-based reasoning is applied as a core technique to facilitate experience reuse by retrieving previous similar cases. Furthermore, fuzzy techniques are also employed and incorporated into the case-based reasoning system to handle vagueness, uncertainty inherently existing in clinicians reasoning process. The validation of the approach is based on close collaboration with experts and measurements from twenty four persons used as reference. 39 time series from these 24 persons have been used to evaluate the approach (in terms of the matching algorithms) and an expert has ranked and estimated the similarity. The result shows that the system reaches a level of performance close to an expert. The proposed system could be used as an expert for a less experienced clinician or as a second option for an experienced clinician to their decision making process in stress diagnosis. Sammanfattning Den ökande stressnivån i vårt samhälle med allt högre krav och högt tempo har ett högt pris. Stressrelaterade problem och sjukdom är en stor samhällskostnad och speciellt om negativ stress förblir oupptäckt, eller ej korrekt identifierad/diagnostiserad och obehandlad under en längre tid kan den få alvarliga hälsoeffekter för individen vilket kan leda till långvarig sjukskrivning. Inom stressmedicinen mäter kliniker blodtryck, EKG, fingertemperatur och andning under olika situationer för att diagnostisera stress. Stressdiagnos baserat fingertemperaturen (FT) är något som en skicklig klinker kan utföra vilket stämmer med forskningen inom klinisk psykofysiologi. Emellertid i praktiken är det mycket svårt, och mödosamt för att en kliniker att i detalj följa och analysera långa serier av mätvärden och det finns endast mycket få experter som är kompetent att diagnostisera och/eller förutsäga stressproblem. Därför är ett system, som kan hjälpa kliniker i diagnostisering av stress, viktig. Men de stora individvariationerna och bristen av precisa diagnosregler gör det svårt att använda ett datorbaserat system. Detta forskningsarbete har tittat på flera tekniker och metoder inom artificiell intelligens för att hitta en väg fram till ett intelligent sensorbaserat system för diagnos och utformning av behandlingsplaner inom stressområdet. För att diagnostisera individuell stress har fallbaserat resonerande visat sig framgångsrikt, en teknik som gör det möjligt att återanvända erfarenhet, förklara beslut, genom att hämta tidigare liknande fingertemperaturprofilerar. Vidare används "fuzzy logic", luddig logik så att systemet kan hantera de inneboende vagheter i domänen. Metoder och algoritmer har utvecklats för detta. Valideringen av ansatsen baseras på nära samarbete med experter och mätningar från tjugofyra användare. Trettionio tidserier från dessa 24 personer har varit basen för utvärderingen av ansatsen, och en erfaren kliniker har klassificerat alla fall och systemet har visat sig producera resultat nära en expert. Det föreslagna systemet kan användas som ett referens för en mindre erfaren kliniker eller som ett "second opinion" för en erfaren kliniker i deras beslutsprocess. Dessutom har finger temperatur visat sig passa bra för användning i hemmet vid träning eller kontroll vilket blir möjligt med ett datorbaserat stressklassificeringssystem på exempelvis en PC med en USB fingertemperaturmätare. vii Acknowledgemen

Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Ethyl-4-(4-Acetoxy-Phenyl)-3-Acetyl-6-Methyl-2-Thioxo-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-Pyrimidine-5-Carboxylate

4-(4-Acetoxy-phenyl)-3-acetyl-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (2) was synthesized by a two step reaction process. Preliminary spectroscopic analysis was done by IR, 1HNMR and elemental analysis. The crystal and molecular structure was further confirmed using single crystal x-ray diffraction. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aryl and dihydropyrimidine rings is 89.65(6)°, which is almost orthogonal. The dihydropyrimidine ring adopts twist-boat conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H…O, N-H…S and C-H…π interactions