An accelerated hybrid Euler’s method for numerical integration of ordinary differential equations

The theme of this study is to develop hybrid Euler’s method from the chain of Euler’s methods, to compute the numerical resolution of initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In this work number of (IVPs) are taken from literature to check absolute error and stability of method. It is observed that computed results from the proposed method are consistent and stabile under the circumstance of region. From the results it is concluded that the defined algorithm minimizes the error of computation for specified accuracy of solution.Keywords: Ordinary differential equations, IVP’s, Improved, Modified Euler’s

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR MAGNETITE (CRUDE) REMOVAL FROM PRIMARY HEAT TRANSFER LOOP BY ION-EXCHANGE RESINS

The present research focuses to develop mathematical model for the removal of iron (magnetite) by ion-exchange resin from primary heat transfer loop of process industries. This mathematical model is based on operating capacities (that's provide more effective design as compared to loading capacity) from static laboratory tests. Results showed non-steady state distribution of external Fe2+ and limitations imposed on operating conditions, these conditions includes; loading and elution cycle time, flow rate, concentration of both loading and removal, volume of resin required. Number of generalized assumptions was made under shortcut modeling techniques to overcome the gap of theoretical and actual process design. KEY WORDS: Magnetite, Mathematical modeling, Ion-exchange resin, Operating capacity, Loading capacity Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2009, 23(1), 129-133

Barbers’ awareness about Hepatitis B in Sindh Pakistan.

Introduction: Hepatitis B is the serious public health problem and a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV alone is responsible for 0.5-1 million annual deaths globally due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Methodology: This Cross-Sectional study was carried out in 8 different union council of Khairpur Taluka/ tehsils in district KhairpurMirs district from December 2014 to April 2015. Selection of barbers was done through two staged cluster sampling. In first stage 8 different Union Councils (UCs) of Khairpur Taluka of KhairpurMirs district were randomly selected. In Second stage 25 Barbers from each selected UC practicing was included in the study after random selection.Objectives: Main purpose of the study was to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Hepatitis B among barbers working in different union councils of Khairpur tehsil/ taluka of district KhairpurMirs.Results: Majority (19%) of our study participants belong to UC Shah Latif while large proportion (30%) of participants belongs to age group 26-30 years. When questions related to knowledge of Hepatitis B were asked from our participant, majority (84%) of them knew that hepatitis B is a disease, while only 9% of them said that using of already used razors or blades by barbers is the main mode of spread of hepatitis B and 27% of them said that using contaminated water the reason for spread of hepatitis B. Majority (46.6%) of participants replied that there is no any vaccine available for hepatitis B prevention. Surprisingly almost 65% of them don’t have any information about Government free hepatitis vaccination program. Half of the participants believe that changing of blades every time with every new client can also prevent spread of HBV. 76% of participants use to clean their instruments with disinfectants between the clients and 46% of them use new blades on every new client. Majority of the participants were not vaccinated for Hepatitis B.Conclusion: Findings of our study demonstrate that despite the many mass media health educational campaigns related to the awareness of Hepatitis B in Sindh, barbers in KhairpurMirs district had no detailed understanding of diseases.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, Hepatitis B, Barbe

Health systems approach to ensure quality and safety amid COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

Ensuring quality and safe care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic offers a challenge to already strained health systems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Pakistan with less shock-absorbing capacities. There is a dearth of evidence on mechanisms to provide optimum quality care to COVID-19 patients in the resource-constrained healthcare environment. The lessons learned from the Ebola virus outbreak for the deficient health systems and quality improvement are considered to propose strengthening the health systems response to deliver quality-assured care to patients during the current pandemic. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) health systems framework can serve as a guiding principle towards providing quality-assured and safe healthcare services during the ongoing pandemic in Pakistan by ensuring the availability of an adequate workforce, medical supplies and equipment, strong governance, active information system, and adequate health financing to effectively manage COVID-19. Research evidence is needed to be better prepared for an effective and coordinated health systems response to offer quality and safe care to patients

AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH OF FOUR-STEP METHOD FOR OPTIMAL SOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

Transportation problem (TP) in operation research is one of the most in use optimization technique to deal the problems that are related with transportation of goods from sources to destinations. Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) plays a vital role in TP which offers a way to obtain the optimal solution. The objective is to prevail the total transportation cost equivalent or nearer to optimal solution. In this paper, an effective approach of Four Step Method (FSM) for optimal solution of TP has been brought up in order to get optimal solution of TPs. In this method we construct the Maximum Column Table (MCT) and Maximum Row Table (MRT). Several problems has been solved using this method to get the optimal solution. The outcomes of proposed method are contrasted with results of North West Corner Method (NWCM), Least Cost Method (LCM) and Vogal’s Approximation Method (VAM). It is observed that the proposed method is not only achieving better results but also overcoming the limitation of VAM. Key Words: Transportation problem, Initial Basic Feasible Solution, Optimal solution, Linear programming proble

Analysis of Financial Literacy Level Among Undergraduate Students

Financial literacy has become all the time important for the economic development of a country as well as individuals for the use of economic securities. This study aims to concentrate undergraduate for understanding the need of financial literacy in the educational system according to the current situation of our society. We concentrated on the undergraduate level of financial literacy. Nowadays student financial problems are alarming. Throughout the study, they are failed to manage their financial issues. The outcomes and conclusions of this study were obtained through a questionnaire survey in undergraduate institutes. The study examines the link between financial literacy and those demographic issues that affect student financial literacy. For the purpose of an investigation, we distributed 250 questionnaire forms to random students and collect 230 from which 140 forms filled properly. The finding shows the introduction of financial literacy at an early level for the student is necessary. There is a need to reform the institutional structures to improve the capabilities of high school students and strategies that are needed to initiate financial literacy educational growth in developing areas. Additionally, due to high ratio of unemployment, they are unable to have financial experiences that affect their financial knowledge and behavior. Increasingly in the region, they have a very little approach to grow. Keywords: Financial literacy; Demographics; Chi-Square distribution; undergraduate students. JEL codes: G53, A22, C12, R51 DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-14-03 Publication date:July 31st 202

Vehicle-Life Interaction in Fog-Enabled Smart Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Traffic accidents have become a major issue for researchers, academia, government and vehicle manufacturers over the last few years. Many accidents and emergency situations frequently occur on the road. Unfortunately, accidents lead to health injuries, destruction of some infrastructure, bad traffic flow, and more importantly these events cause deaths of hundreds of thousands of people due to not getting treatment in time. Thus, we need to develop an efficient and smart emergency system to ensure the timely arrival of an ambulance service to the place of the accident in order to provide timely medical help to those injured. In addition, we also need to communicate promptly with other entities such as hospitals so that they can make appropriate arrangements and provide timely medical information to emergency personnel on the scene including alerting those related to the injured person(s). In this paper, we have developed an intelligent protocol that uses connected and autonomous vehicles\u27 scenarios in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) so that prompt emergency services can be provided to reduce the death rate caused. The proposed protocol smartly connects with all the relevant entitles during the emergency while maintaining a smooth traffic flow for the arrival of the ambulance service. Moreover, our protocol also mitigates the broadcasting of messages circulating over the network for delay sensitive tasks. The evaluation results, based on the performance metrics such as channel collision, average packet delay, packet loss, and routing-overhead demonstrate that our proposed protocol outperforms previously proposed protocols such as Emergency Message Dissemination for Vehicular (EMDV), Contention Based Broadcasting (CBB), and Particle Swarm Optimization Contention-based Broadcast (PCBB) protocols. Finally, we discuss several issues and challenges that need to be addressed in the network in order to achieve more a reliable, efficient, connected, and autonomous vehicular network

Analyzing the Parameters of Multidimensional Poverty in Taluka Naushahro Feroze: A Case Study

This research paper tackles the multidimensional poverty applying Foster and Alkire methods of Taluka Naushahro Feroze’s 14 Union councils on the basic figures. No any single navigator gives clear value for deprivation as naturally it is multidimensional. Three dimensions are selected having unequal weights in health, education, and living standard. These areas have been extra distributed in ten indicators, two for education, two for health while six for living standards. The out-put shows that Union Council Waggan has the most multidimensional poverty while least multidimensional poverty was found in Union Councils of Cheeho Taluka Naushahro Feroze. It further suggests an indicator which has highest contributions for multidimensional poverty such as life expectancy, child school attendance, school quality, child mortality, year of schooling, walls, cooking fuel, overcrowding and which contribute lowest is electricity and improved drinking water. Percentage of people for those who are MPI poor of Taluka Naushahro is 47.95 % (incidence of poverty), while average deprivation of people is 55.75 % furthermore, multidimensional poverty index (MPI) is 26.73 % in Naushahro Feroze. Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, incidence of poverty, Average deprivation DOI: 10.7176/JPID/53-06 Publication date: March 31st 202

Immediate postoperative complications of sellar suprasellar lesions operated via pterional approach

Objective:  In neurosurgical facilities, lesions that occur in the sella turcica and suprasellar area are frequently encountered. Different complications have been documented in the past studies following surgical management of sellar suprasellar lesions. This study's rationale was to get data from our local population on complications related to the transcranial approach for sellar suprasellar lesions. The study aimed to determine the immediate (within one week) postoperative complications of sellar suprasellar lesions operated via a pterional approach Material and Methods:  This descriptive case series study was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 at the neurosurgical facility lady reading hospital Peshawar. A total of 117 patients, meeting inclusion criteria irrespective of gender, diagnosed with the sellar suprasellar lesion between 18 to 60 years of age operated through a pterional approach. Post-op patients were followed for seven days to access main outcome measures such as CSF leak and diabetes insipidus. Results:  CSF leak found in 7.7% (n = 9) of patients while diabetes insipidus was detected in 14.5% (n = 17) patients. Gender and age-based stratification showed no statistically significant difference for both postoperative complications. Conclusion:  Diabetes insipidus was a more frequent postoperative complication in patients undergoing the pterional approach for sellar suprasellar lesions followed by CSF leak. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between different age groups and gender for all these complications