Alteration in 5HT1A Receptor Activity from a Prenatal Exposure to Dexamethasone in a Stressed and Non-Stressed Adult Male Rat

Synthetic glucocorticoids (GC) are used as a clinical therapeutic to stimulate lung development in fetuses that present the risk of preterm delivery. Previous studies have shown that a prenatal exposure to Dexamethasone (DEX) causes a disturbance in normal GC mediation of neuritic outgrowth, cell signaling, and serotonergic systems. Our hypothesis is that a prenatal exposure to DEX during the third trimester of pregnancy alters 5HT1A receptor function. Pregnant dams were injected daily with 150μg/ml/kg of DEX from gestation day 14 through 19. Control dams were treated with and equal volume of saline. Swim stress followed by elevated plus maze testing was conducted on male rats an hour and a half prior to being sacrificed to induce postnatal acute stress. The non-stressed group was also tested and allowed to return to baseline before sacrifice. Hippocampi were analyzed using a radioligand-receptor binding assay and GTPγS35 incorporation (3H-MPPF antagonist and 8-OH-DPAT agonist, respectively). A significant increase in Kd was found in non-stressed DEX-exposed animals compared to non-stressed controls (

Use of Occlusal Plane Analyzer in Dentate and Edentate Individuals to Measure Deviation from Ideal Occlusal Plane.

INTRODUCTION: For partially edentate patient, simplest and most accurate method of occlusal plane establishment is through the use of Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer. Because of fundamental racial differences in the craniofacial structures, the same dimensions advocated for other races should be evaluated for Indian population. With idea of replacing the missing structure in a manner they were present, the same method used for partially edentate and dentate patients, may have potential to be used for completely edentate patients. AIM: To evaluate validity of Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer method for Indian dentate population and to apply this method for establishing the appropriate occlusal plane for complete denture patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 dentate and 10 edentate Indian subjects were selected as per predetermined criteria. For dentate individuals, maxillary and mandibular full arch impressions were made; casts were prepared and mounted in arcon semiadjustable articulator using facebow. Occlusal analysis was carried out with custom made occlusal plane analyzer and deviation of existing occlusal plane to that of the occlusal plane established by Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer was measured. For edentate patients, mandibular occlusal plane was established by considering anatomical landmarks; anteriorly corner of mouth, in the middle part lateral border of tongue and at the posterior end retromolar pad. The teeth were set according to the setting principles and occlusal analysis was done on artificial teeth of the trial denture. The differences between anatomically established occlusal plane and theoretically ideal occlusal plane were measured. RESULTS: For dentate group of the individuals the differences between existing occlusal plane and ideal occlusal plane were not significant statistically and clinically. For edentate subjects, the anatomically established occlusal plane had close resemblance to the ideal occlusal plane established by Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer method. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of the present study it can be concluded that: (1) The Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer method of establishing occlusal plane is valid for the Indian population. (2) The Broadrick occlusal plane analyzer may have potential to be used in fabrication of complete denture for establishing posterior occlusal plane. The future study should include large sample size with anatomical variations and should consider clinical applicability and related aspects for the proposed method

Effectiveness of coronavirus disease-19 vaccination on disease transmission, hospitalization, and clinical outcomes in adults in North India

Background: Covaxin and Covishield vaccines have rapidly rolled out in India to curb the pandemic. We aimed to test the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccination is clinically effective. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at MGM College, Jaipur, India after approval from the Ethics Committee. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups were tested on disease transmission, hospitalization, and clinical outcomes. Researchers collected data using questionnaires circulated through google forms. The association between attributes was tested using the chi-squared test. The significance level was considered at 5%. Results: The vaccination significantly reduced disease transmission of COVID-19 [c2=4.51; p = 0.034]. However, no significant differences were seen in RTPCR positivity, chest CT findings, and hospitalization on vaccination. COVID-related symptoms and their severity were not statistically different between the two groups. Most elderly were vaccinated [c2=41.68; p < 0.001]. Most youths took one dose, while the elderly took two doses of the vaccine [c2=41.77; p < 0.001]. All age groups had similar severity of AEFIs [c2=13.22; p < 0.21]. The vaccination status across gender did not differ significantly. [c2=1.13; p < 0.288] Most males took two doses as compared to females [c2=6,57; p < 0.01]. Adverse effects post-immunization were more severe in females than males [c2=13.10; p < 0.001]. There was no association between the number of vaccine doses and the severity of AEFIs [c2=16.42; p = 0.06]. Conclusion: The present study concludes the beneficial effect of vaccination in reducing disease transmission. However, vaccination has no role in mitigating other COVID-related outcomes

Clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using loop cruciate ligament fixation system

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries cause knee instability and are associated with articular degeneration. ACL reconstruction is considered the primary treatment option for most cases. The study aimed to observe the clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction using a Loop cruciate ligament fixation system. Methods: This retrospective, multi-center study enrolled 187 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the LoopLoc CL fixation system and SlideRope Adjustable Loop (ArthroTEC, MJ Surgical, Ahmedabad, India). Among 187 patients, 179 received the targeted device for ACL reconstruction in the knee, seven received it for acromioclavicular joint fixation in the shoulder, and one received it for stabilization and repair in the foot/ankle. The patients were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively at 1-month, 3-month, 12-month, 2-year, and 5-year follow-up periods. The evaluation was based on the international knee documented committee score (IKDC), visual analog scale score (VAS), Lysholm score, and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). The patient enrollment was conducted retrospectively, but the follow-up was planned to be carried out prospectively. Results: The study found a significant improvement in the clinical outcomes with a low failure and complication rate among the patients. The mean deviation of patients with knee implantation showing IKDC score from baseline to 5-year was 17.58±2.56 to 91.48±3.05 (p&lt;0.0001), while the VAS, Lysholm score, and KOOS also showed significant improvement. The study suggests that loop cruciate ligament may be a promising option for ACL reconstruction. Conclusions: The study suggests that loop cruciate ligament may be a promising option for ACL reconstruction

Effect of silanes as crosslinking agent with the NBR rubber

Abstract: Silane coupling agent generally use as improve the properties of white filler use in rubber compound for better dispersion. Also silane coupling agent reacts with organic filler &amp; polymer chain as crosslink. Here in this research study the crosslink density &amp; swelling phenomena of silane participate in vulcanization process with Nitrile rubber compound. Also show the comparisons of carbon filled and silica filled NBR rubber compound crosslink density property. Silanes increase the viscosity of compound, crosslink density with low swlling resistance

Posterior capsular infiltration with local anaesthetic cocktail during total knee arthroplasty: a prospective comparative study

Background: Total knee arthroplasty offers a stable joint with excellent long-term results in osteoarthritis knee patients. The procedure is also associated with post-operative pain which can lead to delayed functional recovery in few patients. This comparative study was aimed to evaluate the effiсасy of а lосаl anaesthetic сосktаil injection with and without роsteriоr сарsulаr infiltration for роst-орerаtive раin соntrоl and early functional reсоvery in раtients undergoing simultaneous bilateral TKА.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study which involved 50 participants undergoing bilateral TKA where one knee, received LIA in anterior, medial and lateral structures of the knee as well as posterior capsule (group A) and contralateral knee received LIA in anterior, medial and lateral structures, identical to the former knee, but excluding posterior capsule region (group B). Pre-operative and post-operative parameters such as VAS, KSS and knee ROM in both knees of all the patients were noted and compared to evaluate the efficacy of PCI.Results: Comparison of VAS scores, post-operatively showed that VAS on rest and on movement was lower in group A than group B at all the time frames (p value &lt;0.0001*). Post-operative knee ROM was higher in group A (p&lt;0.0001). Knee society score was observed to be higher in group A than group B on 15th day and at 1 month (p&lt;0.0001).Conclusions: The study successfully demonstrates that posterior capsular infiltration when included in LIA technique provides a better pain control and also early functional recovery after TKA

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.): A review

Approaches for studying antimicrobial susceptibility and discovering new antimicrobial agents from the plants and other natural sources have been extensively utilized. Withania somnifera&nbsp;(L.) Dunal, commonly known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng or winter cherry, is a popular medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine. The principal active compounds include several withanolide-type compounds. Various plant parts, like roots and less often leaves and fruits of Ashwagandha, have been used as plant-derived medicines. The plant possesses various pharmacological activities including antimicrobial activity. Many bacterial and fungal species have been used as a test microorganism for the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of extracts and purified compounds of various plant parts of Ashwagandha. In this article, we tried to compile and to discuss the information about the antimicrobial activity of W. somnifera. This will provide the platform for the researchers to select plants, plant parts, solvent system, test microorganisms, method of evaluation and other related factors affecting the analysis